Empires of 1750
What happened to Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate?
Japan isolated itself from the rest of the world.
Which king built the Palace of Versailles to display his wealth and power?
King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles to display his wealth and power.
Which Enlightenment thinker argued that people have natural rights to Life, Liberty, and Land?
John Locke.
Which estate included peasants, merchants, and city workers in pre-revolutionary France?
The Third Estate included peasants, merchants, and city workers.
What is nationalism?
Nationalism is a strong feeling of loyalty and support for one’s nation.
What were millets in the Ottoman Empire?
Millets were separate communities where non-Muslims lived under Ottoman rule.
What did the theory of divine right claim?
Divine right claimed that a monarch’s authority came from God.
Which thinker proposed dividing the government into separate branches with different powers?
Montesquieu proposed separating government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
What were two major causes of the French Revolution?
The French Revolution was fueled by social inequality and financial hardship, including high taxes, government debt, and rising bread prices.
Which Prussian leader used a policy described as “blood and iron” to unify Germany?
Otto von Bismarck used war and practical political decisions to help unify Germany.
What is sankin kotai?
The sankin kōtai system required daimyo to spend alternate years at the shogun’s court in Edo and leave their families there.
Which West African kingdom traded goods such as gold, ivory, artwork, and pepper with Europeans?
The kingdom of Benin traded goods such as gold, ivory, artwork, and pepper with Europeans.
What did Voltaire support about speech and religion?
Voltaire supported freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
What was the National Assembly, and what did it seek to do?
The National Assembly was a new legislative body that sought to change France’s government and establish citizens’ rights.
Which three leaders are associated with the unification of Italy, and what roles did they play?
Giuseppe Mazzini inspired Italian nationalism, Camillo Cavour led political and military efforts from the north, and Giuseppe Garibaldi led volunteers in the south.
What were the Janissaries, and how were they connected to the Ottoman Empire?
The Janissaries were soldiers of Christian origin who served the Ottoman Empire after being enslaved and trained.
Which Prussian ruler improved schools and the legal system but did not end serfdom?
Frederick the Great improved schools and the legal system in Prussia but did not end serfdom.
What do Enlightenment Thinkers believe people should do if their government is not protecting their rights?
The people should overthrow the government and replace it with one that does protect their rights.
What was the Reign of Terror, and which leader is closely associated with it?
The Reign of Terror was a radical period when suspected enemies of the revolution were executed, and Maximilien Robespierre was a leading figure.
What did Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín work to achieve in South America?
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led independence movements against Spanish rule in South America.
How did Aurangzeb’s policies contribute to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Aurangzeb’s intolerance toward Hindus and other groups increased divisions, while costly military campaigns drained the empire’s resources.
What happened before Catherine the Great could free the serfs?
The serfs revolted.
How did Olympe de Gouges extend Enlightenment ideas in her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen?
Olympe de Gouges argued that women and black men should have equal rights and participate in public life alongside white men.
What did the Congress of Vienna attempt to do after Napoleon’s defeat?
The Congress of Vienna sought to redraw Europe’s borders and restore a balance of power after Napoleon’s defeat.
How did the Haitian Revolution challenge the colonial system, and who was one of its important leaders?
The Haitian Revolution overthrew French colonial rule and slavery in Saint-Domingue, and Toussaint L’Ouverture was one of its important leaders.