Crusades
Why was Jerusalem important to Christians?
It was considered a holy city connected to the life of Jesus
Who was Richard the Lionheart?
English king who fought during the Third Crusade
What language was used in medieval universities?
Latin
What ancient philosopher influenced Thomas Aquinas?
Aristotle
What year did Pope Urban II call the First Crusade?
1095
Who called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
Who was Saladin?
Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187
What university became famous for law?
Bologna
What is scholasticism?
A method of learning based on logic, debate, and questioning
What year did Crusaders capture Jerusalem?
1099
Why did the Byzantine Empire ask Western Europe for help?
The Seljuk Turks threatened Byzantine territory
Who supported the Second Crusade (Religious Figure)?
Bernard of Clairvaux
What university became famous for theology?
Paris
What is the Summa Theologica?
A major theological work by Thomas Aquinas
What year did Saladin capture Jerusalem?
1187
What happened in 1099 during the First Crusade?
Crusaders captured Jerusalem
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
A Dominican friar, scholar, and theologian during the 1200s
Why did universities develop in medieval Europe?
Europe became more stable and governments/Church needed educated officials
What did Aquinas believe about faith and reason?
They work together and support each other
What year did the Fourth Crusade sack Constantinople?
1204
Explain TWO major causes of the Crusades.
Religious devotion, reclaiming Jerusalem, Byzantine request for help, search for wealth/glory, Church power
Explain how Aquinas used Aristotle’s ideas in Christian theology.
He combined Greek philosophy, logic, and reason with Christian teachings
Explain TWO ways universities changed medieval Europe.
They trained officials, preserved knowledge, increased debate, and helped prepare Europe for the Renaissance
Explain how Aquinas connected faith, reason, and the natural world.
Reason helps humans understand creation while faith explains spiritual truths because God created an orderly universe
Explain why the Fourth Crusade was historically significant.
It weakened the Byzantine Empire and increased division between Eastern and Western Christianity