Enlightenment
A type of monarch that has unlimited power
Absolute Monarch
Why was King Louis unpopular in 1789?
He was not respected as a king. He lived lavishly. The way he governed society was unfair.
Who was Napoleon?
Napoleon was a general in the French army who brought stability and order to France.
What technology was important to the Agricultural Revolution which made farming more productive?
The seed-drill.
Who was the founder of Communism?
Karl Marx
What are three natural rights the government MUST protect, according to John Locke?
Life, Liberty, and Property
Who made up each of the three estates?
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
1st: The Church (clergy)
2nd: Nobility (landowners)
3rd: Commoners (everyone else).
Who was Napoleon fighting against?
the neighboring kings who wanted to invade France to stop the revolution.
Enclosure movement: land was fenced off and made private for profit.
Common land: open to the public, small scale farming for survival.
What was the cause of the Irish Potato Famine?
a bacteria ruined the potato crop.
Montesquieu believed government power should be...
Shared or separated
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
The third estate gets locked out, so they go across the street and pledge to limit the power of the king.
What did the Napoleonic Code do for French people?
It gave them equal rights and education.
What major change happened during the Industrial Revolution?
A shift from hand-made goods to machine-made goods.
What were some effects of the Irish Potato Famine?
Millions died and millions migrated.
Enlightenment philosophers challenged the idea that a king's power comes from God, what is this idea called?
Divine Right
This is the bloodiest phase of the French Revolution with thousands of executions at the hands of Robespierre using the Guillotine
The Reign of Terror
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna after the defeat of Napoleon.
To maintain the balance of power and restore the kings back to their thrones.
What are some positive and negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Positive: Mass production, new middle class, cheaper prices, new jobs.
Negative: Pollution, child labor, long hours, poor wages, slums, exploitation of the factory workers.
How did the British make the Irish Potato Famine worse?
They controlled (colonized) Britain and took most of their food supply to export to other countries for sale.
The French Revolution
The American Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The Latin American Revolutions
Establishment of Democracy
Civil Rights, Bill of Rights etc.
What crime was King Louis eventually executed for?
Treason
He gave people a new sense of identity, to focus on unity based on a shared culture, heritage, race etc.
What is the difference between communism and capitalism?
Communism: Wealth and property are controlled by the government. There are no social classes.
Capitalism: Wealth and property are controlled by private citizens. Social classes exist.
Why did Japan begin to modernize under emperor Meiji in 1868?
America forced Japan to open up and sign the Treaty of Kanagwa.