Biotic/Abiotic/Relationships
What is a mutualism relationship? Provide an example
Relationship where both species benefit.
E.g. Sharks and fish cleaning teeth
What is competitive exclusion?
When one species uses resources in a habitat more efficiently and ultimately drives another species to LOCAL extinction.
What are two popular sampling methods?
Transects
Quadrats
What is an example of a high Simpson's Biodiversity index?
0.7-0.99
What curve does exponential growth follow?
J curve
Provide 3 examples of biotic factors
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
TWO species cannot survive indefinitely in the same habitat if their niches are identical.
What two responses will occur if two species are attempting to survive in the exact same niche.
1. Competitive exclusion
2. Resource partitioning
What are the three systems of sampling?
Systematic
Random
Stratfield
What two factors does Simpson's Biodiversity index take into account?
Species evenness and species richness
What is a density independent limiting factor? AND provide an example
Something which limits population growth that is not to do with population density/size.
E.g. Severe weather event
Provide 3 examples of abiotic factors
Wind speed
Temperature
Humidity
Soil pH
Water
What is an ecosystem engineer and provide an example.
An organism that creates, changes, or destroys a habitat.
E.g. beaver
Define species
Organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring
What two things cause population to increase?
What two things cause population to decrease?
Increase - births, immigration
Decrease - death, emigration
What shape curve does logistic growth follow?
And what factor does it incorporate.
S curve
Carrying capacity
What is a commensalism relationship? Provide an example.
One benefits whilst the other has no effect. E.g. whales and barnacles
What is resource partitioning?
When species alter their use of a habitat to divide resources between them. So that they can both live in their desired niche.
What is one con of the stratfield sampling method?
You have to know the area well before surveying it.
What is the best example for exponential growth?
Bacteria
Define carrying capacity.
The maximum population of a species which a habitat can sustain
What is a parasitic relationship? Provide an example
When one species benefits, and the other is harmed.
E.g. humans and head lice
E.g. Dogs and ticks
What is the difference between a species fundamental niche and a realised niche?
Fundamental = niche with no competitors (more often than not - hypothetical)
Realised = with competitors - usually smaller niche
Define INTRAspecific competition.
Competition occuring between the same species.
What would be considered a low diversity according to Simpson's Biodiversity index?
0.1-0.4
In the estimating population formula, what does the little m (on the bottom of the fraction) stand for?
The number of recaptured, tagged individuals