The Renaissance began in this country before moving throughout Europe
What is Italy?
This event triggered the Thirty Years' War in May 1618
The number of smaller wars that make up the English Civil War
What is 3?
Louis XIV's title for himself
What is "The Sun King?"
The Glorious Revolution removed this Roman Catholic English king from power.
Who was James II?
The Italian bourgeois family who ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from 1434-1737
Who were the Medici?
This group opposed the protestant countries during the Thirty Years' War
Who were the Habsburgs and Roman Catholics?
The commander of the New Model Army who later became Lord Protectorate of England
Who is Oliver Cromwell
This uprising from his childhood left a lifelong dread of chaos and the compulsion to rule absolutely.
What is the Fronde?
7 prominent English citizens invited this man, James II's son-in-law, to intervene in England with a military force.
Who is William of Orange?
The works of this time became the foundation for humanist scholars and Renaissance artists.
What is classical?
The treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War
What is the Treaty of Westphalia?
The idea that a monarch is given power by God and has the right to rule absolutely without oversight
What is Divine Right?
This act gave the king almost complete authority over appointing Roman Catholic bishops in France
What were the Gallican Articles?
This event led to great concern about a permanent Roman Catholic dynasty in England, and then to the Glorious Revolution.
What was the birth of James II's son?
The artist who painted this painting

Who is Leonardo da Vinci
The kind of warfare involving mercenary armies when the hiring entity cannot pay them; they are allowed to pillage and plunder cities, towns, villages, and farms as they march through for their pay.
What is Wolf-Strategy warfare?
The secret agreement James I made witht the Scottish Covenanters promising to install Presbyterianism in England in exchange for help regaining his throne.
What is "the Engagement?"
The revocation of these acts removed religious freedoms from the protestant French, causing many to flee and the rest to form an underground church movement.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
This revolution was called "glorious" because it was largely ____________.
What is bloodless?
A philosophical and ethical "life stance" that emphasizes the value, agency, and potential of human beings, typically relying on science and reason rather than religious dogma or superstition.
The underlying religious cause of the Thirty Years' War was these three religious denominations vying for dominance.
Who were the Roman Catholics, the Lutherans, and the Calvinists?
An unprecedented event following the capture of James I after his agreement with and flight to Scotland.
What was the trial and execution of James I?
Moving the center of French government to this location gave Louis more control over the nobility and kept the focus on himself and his power.

What is the Palace of Versailles?
William and Mary were offered the throne of England, Scotland, and Ireland on the condition that they agree to this.
What is the English Bill of Rights