Foundations
The dynasty overthrown by the 1911 Revolution.
What is the Qing Dynasty?
The leader who took over the GMD after Sun Yat-sen's death and led the party during the Civil War.
Who is Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)?
The GMD military operations designed to eliminate the CCP base areas, forcing the CCP to flee.
What were the Encirclement Campaigns?
The 1937 incident that began the Second Sino-Japanese War.
What is the Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The primary social class that the GMD drew its political and financial support from, alienating the majority of the population.
What are the Landlords and Urban Business/Middle Class?
The political party founded by Sun Yat-sen that sought to establish a modern Chinese republic.
What is the Guomindang (GMD), or Nationalist Party?
The rival political party established in 1921 that focused on organising the industrial and peasant classes.
What is the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)?
The military strategy employed by the Red Army to evade the superior GMD forces during the Long March.
What is Guerrilla warfare?
The unofficial agreement between the GMD and the CCP to temporarily halt the Civil War and fight the Japanese.
What is the Second United Front?
The reason why the GMD's use of conscription and forced recruitment was a major weakness compared to the CCP's voluntary recruitment.
What is it alienated the peasantry (or led to low morale/desertion in the GMD army)?
Sun Yat-sen's guiding ideology, focused on Nationalism, Democracy, and People's Livelihood.
What are the Three Principles of the People?
The military force of the CCP, famous for its guerrilla tactics and dedication to the peasant class.
What is the Red Army (later the People's Liberation Army)?
The key meeting in January 1935 during the Long March where Mao Zedong solidified his leadership of the CCP.
What is the Zunyi Conference?
This city, the GMD's wartime capital, was subjected to brutal and relentless Japanese bombing campaigns.
What is Chongqing?
The United States military aid to the GMD was often rendered ineffective by this widespread issue within Chiang's administration.
What is Corruption
The period following the 1911 Revolution characterized by regional military rulers fighting for control.
What is the Warlord Era?
The anti-Communist massacre carried out by the GMD in 1927, marking the end of the First United Front.
What is the Shanghai Massacre?
The estimated distance, in miles, the main column of the Red Army traveled during the Long March (accept close answers).
What is 6,000 miles (or 9,600 km)?
The systematic destruction of Communist bases by the Japanese, involving a policy of "Kill All, Burn All, Loot All."
What is the Three Alls Policy
The key resource the Soviet Union provided to the CCP in Manchuria following the defeat of Japan.
What are Captured Japanese weapons and control over strategic rail lines/cities?
The military campaign launched by the GMD in 1926 to defeat the warlords and unify China.
What is the Northern Expedition?
The name given to the peasant-heavy governing region established by the CCP in Jiangxi Province, led by Mao Zedong.
What is the Jiangxi Soviet?
The remote northwestern province where the Long March ended and the CCP established its new base area.
What is Shaanxi (and the city of Yan'an)?
This 1937 event saw the Japanese Army brutally murder tens of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers in the former GMD capital.
What is the Rape of Nanjing (or Nanking Massacre)?
The major military advantage the CCP gained from their land reform policies in areas under their control
What is Massive peasant support (or recruitment into the Red Army)?