Structure and Function of Bones
Name the two main parts to the human skeleton.
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
Name 5 major joints involved in movement of the body.
- neck. shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, fingers, toes
Muscles which are attached to our skeleton are known as ___________ muscles?
Skeletal
The primary focus of Functional Anatomy is to understand how which two bodily systems interact to produce movement.
Skeletal System and Muscular System.
All bones contain these two forms of bone tissue.
- compact bone
- spongy bone
Which type of joints provide the most movement, and are therefore most examined in Functional Anatomy?
- Synovial joints
Each muscle in the body is only capable of two actions. These are...
- contraction
- relaxation
When thought of as a single system, the two bodily systems involved in Functional Anatomy are known as what system?
Musculoskeletal System.
Name the major bones in the Axial skelton.
- Skull
- Veterbral column
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Coccyx
Name the 3 different types of joints.
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Name the 3 types of muscles in the body and the only type which we have voluntary (direct) control over.
- Smooth (involuntary)
- Skeletal (we have direct control)
- Cardiac (involuntary)
How does Functional Anatomy differ from the larger field of science known as Anatomy?
It is a specialised branch of anatomy that studies how bodily systems work together to produce movement.
The unique shape of each bone in the human body allows it to perform a specific function. Name the 4 main categories of bones.
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- irregular bones
Name 4 different types of synovial joints.
- pivot
-hinge
-saddle
- ball and socket
- gliding
- ellipsoid
What is the difference between an isotonic contraction and an isometric contraction in skeletal muscles?
Isotonic contractions involves movement (concentric or eccentric). Isometric contractions do not involve movement, but still produce energy (e.g. holding a weight in place).
Name 3 benefits of having a basic understanding of functional anatomy.
- prevent injuries from occurring
- understand and follow advice from health professionals
- ability to use more efficient movement sequences
- increase injury recovery rate
List the 5 functions of the skeletal system.
- support
- protection
- movement
- storage
- blood cell production
Explain the 3 major lower body joints involved in a lawn bowls delivery and what the joint movements involved are for each joint?
- Flexion of the Hip
- Flexion of the Knee
- Dorsiflexion of the Ankle
Explain the process of reciprocal inhibition.
Reciprocal inhibition is when the central nervous system sends a message for the muscle on one side of a joint to contract, while at the same time sending a message to the message on the other side of the joint to relax.
Name the two ways doctors, physios, and other health professionals (exercise physiologists etc.) use their extensive knowledge of functional anatomy to help athletes.
- help them recover from injuries during rehabilitation.
- reduce the risk of being injured in the first place.