Rhetoric Lectures
Who were the Sophists?
Professional educators offering instruction on public speaking in Ancient Greece
Aristotle opens Rhetoric by stating that "Rhetoric is the counterpart of" what?
Dialectic
What's the definition of mass communication?
The process by which a person, group of people, or large organization creates a message and transmits it through some type of medium to a large, anonymous, heterogeneous audience.
Name three characteristics of mass communication.
Large Audience, Heterogeneous Audience, Anonymous Interaction, Delayed Feedback, Geographical Scattering, Professionally Produced, Complex, Gatekeeping, Disorganized/Shapeless Audience, Lack of Togetherness, Interactive Thought
Communication Competence is defined as...
the ability to take part in effective communication that is characterized by skills and understandings that enable communicator to exchange messages successfully.
___________ describes how symbols distort reality or create a partial ‘lens’ to interpret the world.
Terministic screen
What is an icon? Give an example.
Resembles its referent, the literal thing to which it refers. Rocks falling sign, bicycle sign.
Narrow-casting: smaller audience, more niche topics
Broad-casting: larger audience, broad reach, expansive interests
How does increased self-disclosure online affect one's self-esteem?
Those who crave peer approval online appear to have lower self-esteem overall.
Arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract
________________ describes instances of communication as if they were staged as a play or a fictional human drama.
Dramatism
What is a forensic speech? What is it's purpose (telos)?
Determine the facts of a situation; whether it happened or not; courtrooms; concerned with the past
____________ is the process of monitoring, evaluating, and possibly taking action against content that violates the stated goals or policies of an organization or platform where that content is being hosted.
Content moderation
Name two of the three Santa Clara Principles.
The Social Penetration Model of self-disclosure has two dimensions--what are they?
Breadth and depth
What are the two parts of the sign?
Signifier and signified
Iconic photographs
Body rhetoric
Monumental rhetoric
Image events
True or false: Content moderation is easy to do on a large scale.
False--it's difficult to nearly impossible
The more information a user shares and the more public that information is, the more _________ a user is.
visible
Name two advantages group problem solving has over individual problem solving.
Groups have more resources that individuals do
Group members can catch errors
Group work enhances buy-in
Groups are best at solving some problems
What is the rhetorical situation?
a “complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced in the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence.”
What are the three modes of rhetorically reading an image?
Dominant
Negotiated
OppositionalDefine agenda setting and provide one of its critiques.
Media provides information which is the most relevant food for thought, portrays the major issues of the society and reflects people's minds.
Media users are not ideal–they may not pay attention to certain details
Effect is weakened for people who have already made up their mind
Media cannot create problems–they can only alter the level of awareness
What is an "imagined community?"
Nations are “imagined” because they rely on a shared mental construct rather than direct, personal interactions among members. The members of a nation do not interact face-to-face, but they still perceive themselves as part of a larger, cohesive group.
According to James McCroskey ________________ is “an individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons”
communication apprehension