Macromolecules
4 macromolecule groups
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
2 domains of life
Bacteria and Archaea
Makes up the ribosome and catalyzes protein synthesis
RNA (ribosomal RNA)
living and non living factors
biotic vs abiotic
4 evolutionary mechanisms
1. Natural selection
2. Mutation
3. Genetic drift
4. Migration/gene flow
macromolecule that is not a polymer
lipids
O2 is toxic
Obligate anaerobes
The DNA strands rejoin into a double helix and the mRNA is released
Transcription termination
growth of a population that approaches its
carrying capacity
logistic growth
Random change of allele frequencies in a population
genetic drift
amino acids are joined together by bonds
peptide bonds
atmospheric N2 is converted to ammonia (NH3)
Nitrogen fixation
Leads to condensed chromatin & can cause long-term inactivation of genes
DNA methylation
2 main ecosystem processes
1. energy flow
2. nutrients/chemicals cycling
similarities suggest their common ancestor had this bone configuration
homologous structures
components of nucleotides
phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base
insensitive to streptomycin
archaea
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on chromosomes
Prometaphase
keystone species
a species that has a large effect on a community, relative to its abundance
Offspring of hybrid mosquitoes have abnormal genitalia
hybrid breakdown
good cholesterol
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
MMR, Rotavirus, Smallpox, Chickenpox - vaccine
Live-attenuated
failure to separate in meiosis
nondisjunction
oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Essential elements
5 mechanisms of natural selection
Directional, Disruptive, Stabilizing, Balancing, Sexual