Chemical Texture
Low-pH alkaline waves have a pH of
What is 8
Sodium bromate, sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide are main ingredients found in most of these products
What is Neutralizer
Alkaline perms break down this strong bond in the hair
What are Disulfide Bonds
The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to
What is Soften and Swell
This wrapping technique produces undulating waves and curls.
What is overlap or croquignole method
This wrapping technique is most often used on medium to long hair.
What is Spiral
This phase of perming includes wrapping the hair around the rod
What is the Physical Phase
The two major phases of perming
What are Physical and Chemical
Alkaline reforming lotion causes the hair to do this, which is necessary to create tension on the hair.
These perms range in pH from 6.9 to 7.2
What are Acid Perms
What term is used to refer the way perm tools are arranged around the client's head while wrapping?
What is Perm Pattern?
This pattern includes a central rectangle and two sections at each side.
What is the Contour Pattern?
The rectangle pattern, also known as this pattern, consists primarily of rectangular shapes throughout the pattern.
What is the 9-Block Pattern?
What is 1938?
Most acid perms use this element, along with tension and waving lotion to process hair.
What is heat?
The neutralizer rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds as well as reduces the swelling caused by what?
What is Alkalinity?
These perms carry a pH ranging from 8.0-9.5
What are alkaline perms?
The wrapping technique that positions revolutions of hair next to one another to create an elongated texture pattern is called what?
Positioning texture in one or more specific areas or zones of the head, or along only a certain portion of the hairstrand is called
What is Texture Placement?
Charles Nessler's heat permanent waving machine is best suitable for
What is Long Hair?
Heat and wrapping with firm, even tension when using this perm product boosts penetration of the glyceryl monothioglycolate.
What is an acid perm
This ingredient is a reducing agent in the low- or no-thio perms.
What is Cystemine hydrochloride?
These perms are slower acting than alkaline perms and are recommended for damaged, highly porous and previously permed hair.
What are Acid Perms?
When performing an alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolic acid is joined with this ingredient to shorten the processing time.
What is ammonium hydroxide?
This structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from straight to a wavy or curly formation
What are disulfide bonds?