bonding
an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms, caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction
chemical bond
2 bonded pairs, 0 non-bonded pairs
linear
bond or force between molecules within metals
metallic bonding
is the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in a compound, essentially the “simplest” formula
empirical formula
two or more reactants unite to form a single product.
synthesis reactions
atoms that share electrons in a chemical bond
covalent bonds
2 bonded pairs, 1 non-bonded pair OR 2 bonded pairs, 2 non-bonded pairs
bent
extremely strong and are created through the transfer of electrons, creates positive and negative ions with a strong force between them.
ionic bond/force
the actual formula of a molecular compound
molecular formula
A single reactant is decomposed or broken down into two or more products.
decomposition reactions
electrons are shared equally, oxygen molecule (O2) is a good example of this type of bonding.
non polar covalent bonds
3 bonded pairs, 0 non-bonded pairs
trigonal planar
the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a (H) atom bound to a highly electronegative atom experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.
hydrogen bonding
Find the molar mass of all the elements in the compound in grams/mol. Find the total molar mass of the compounds. Determine the percent composition by mass of each individual element
A single free element replaces or is substituted for one of the elements in a compound. The free element is more reactive than the one its replaces.
single replacement reactions
electrons are still shared, but the sharing is unequal. Water (H2O) is a good example.
polar covalent bonds
trigonal pyramidal
the forces of attraction between polar molecules, created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance
dipole - dipole attraction (Polar Force)
percent to grams, and grams to moles, divide it by the lowest to make it whole
calculating empirical formulas
This reaction type can be viewed as a reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas produces carbon dioxide and water.
combustion reactions
occurs when electrons are donated from one atom to another. Table salt (NaCl) is a common example
ionic bonds
4 bonded pairs, 0 non-bonded pairs
tetrahedral
the intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles, responsible for attraction within non-polar molecules
london dispersion forces (non-polar force)
divide the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass
calculating molecular formulas
This reaction type can be viewed as an "exchange of partners." For ionic compounds, the positive ion in the first compound combines with the negative ion in the second compound, and the positive ion in the second compound combines with the negative ion in the first compound.
double replacement reactions