Research Design & Methodology
This research approach seeks to explain or predict phenomena and confirms relationships to develop generalizations and contribute to theory
These are the four levels of data used in research variables
What are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio?
A p-value of this number or lower is generally considered statistically significant.
This statistical test is used to determine if a statistically significant difference exists between two means
What is a T-test?
This error occurs when a researcher incorrectly rejects the null hypothesis
What is a Type I Error?
This type of research focuses on phenomena in the "real world" and is often exploratory and holistic in nature
This type of research focuses on phenomena in the "real world" and is often exploratory and holistic in nature
This term is defined as an index of the reliability of a test
What is internal consistency?
Represented by the letter r, this coefficient measures the direction and magnitude of relationships between two variables
What is the Pearson Correlation Coefficient?
These are two methods used to control for confounding variables
What are randomization and testing for baseline group equivalence?
A test with a high level of this suggests that the person has the problem being tested for
What is sensitivity?
This term refers to the extent to which research conclusions can be generalized to other contexts
What is external validity (or generalizability)?
A value of .70 or above for this specific test is generally considered "good"
What is Cronbach’s alpha?
In a Pearson correlation, this specific value indicates that there is no association between the two variables
What is 0?
Mortality, selection, history, and maturation are all considered threats to this
This error occurs when a researcher fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false
What is a Type II Error?
These are the two primary types of variables defined in research design
This type of consistency estimate is used specifically to measure the reliability of a composite score
What is Cronbach's alpha?
This value measures the probability of obtaining observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true
What is a p-value (or level of significance)?
This process is used to control for confounding variables by assigning participants to groups by chance
What is randomization?
A test with high levels of this correctly identifies persons who do not have the problem being tested for
What is specificity?
These two types of measurements are commonly used in qualitative research to develop interpretations
What are interviews and observations?
These are the three most common types of consistency estimates used to determine reliability
What are correlation coefficients, Cronbach's alpha, and intra-class correlation?
This specific analysis is used to determine if a study has an adequate sample size
What is Power Analysis?
The lower this value is, the greater the statistical significance of the observed difference
What is the p-value?
This is the most conservative measure of inter-rater reliability for ordinal and interval data
What is intra-class correlation (ICC)?