Bones, Joints, Muscles
What type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge joint
What force pulls all objects toward the Earth?
Gravity
Force production is a general term used to describe the ability of the body to generate _______ force (ie. movement) against an ______ force (ie. resistance)
internal; external
State Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion.
Force = mass × acceleration)
What month is Mr Ferguson's birthday?
August
Name the main agonist muscle responsible for knee extension.
Quadriceps
Which force allows the player’s shoes to grip the court surface when changing direction?
Friction
What is the formula for speed?
distance/time
State Newton’s 1st Law in a badminton rally.
The shuttle will stay at rest or keep moving in a straight line until acted on by a force, e.g. a racket strike or air resistance.
Which Olympian has won the most Gold medals of all time?
Michael Phelps
What is the difference between an agonist and antagonist muscle?
Agonist contracts to cause movement; antagonist relaxes to oppose movement
Give an example of ground reaction force in badminton.
Pushing off the court to jump for a smash
Define summation of forces and give a badminton example.
Combining forces from body parts in sequence to maximise shuttle speed, e.g. smash.
Use Newton’s 3rd Law to describe what happens when the racket contacts the shuttle.
The racket exerts force on the shuttle; the shuttle exerts an equal and opposite force on the racket/hand.
Baby Shark, a crowd favourite song, has approximately how many billions of views on YouTube?
16 Billion
Identify the joint type, movement, and muscles involved when performing a bicep curl.
Elbow hinge joint; flexion; biceps agonist, triceps antagonist
How does air resistance affect a shuttle in flight?
It slows and changes its path — causing the shuttle to decelerate rapidly
Compare sequential vs simultaneous summation of forces with badminton examples.
Sequential = smash (legs → core → arm → wrist). Simultaneous = drop shot or defensive block, where body parts apply force together for control and accuracy.
Explain how Newton’s 1st and 2nd Laws work together during a badminton clear.
Shuttle continues in motion until acted on (1st Law). More force from racket = faster acceleration and longer flight (2nd Law).
How many bones are in the Human Body?
206
Explain how reciprocal inhibition allows efficient movement in sport.
When the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes, enabling coordinated movement e.g. kicking a ball
Explain the difference between internal and external forces in badminton, giving one example of each.
Internal forces are generated inside the body, such as muscle contractions moving the arm. External forces act on the body or shuttle from outside, such as gravity pulling the shuttle down or ground reaction force when pushing off the court.
Explain how sequential summation of forces is used to maximise power in a badminton smash.
Power builds by transferring momentum from large body parts to smaller ones: legs drive → hips/torso rotate → shoulder → elbow → wrist → racket. Each segment adds force, creating maximum shuttle speed at contact.
Analyse how all three of Newton’s Laws explain a badminton smash from start to finish.
1st Law — shuttle stays at rest until struck; 2nd Law — greater force = faster acceleration; 3rd Law — equal and opposite force acts back on racket/arm. Together, they explain shuttle speed, direction, and reaction at impact.
What is the fastest speed (to the nearest km/h), recorded by Usain Bolt?
44.72 km/h (45km/h)