Ethos, Pathos, Logos
This method of persuasion uses facts, logic, and evidence.
What is logos?
"There were eleven votes for guilty. It’s not easy to raise my hand and send a boy off to die without talking about it first.”
Who is Juror #8?
The two main witnesses in the case and where they live.
Who are the old man who lived downstairs and the woman who lived across the street?
A unanimous decision
What is ALL the jurors must agree to a verdict?
The jurors must agree on a "guilty" or "not guilty" verdict. Should they believe the defendant to be guilty they must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt.
In the play, this juror had tickets to a Broadway show. In the movie, it was a Yankees game.
Who is Juror #7?
This method of persuasion uses emotions and tries to get people to feel something.
What is pathos?
"I’ve lived among them all my life. You can’t believe a word they say. You know that. I mean, they’re born liars.” This juror went off on a bigoted rant about "those people."
Who is Juror #10?
This is where the defendant claims he was during the time of the killing AND what he claims happened to the murder weapon.
What is "at the movies" and "it fell out of a hole in his pocket"?
Reasonable doubt
What is when you believe that it's possible that the defendant didn't commit the crime?
There must not be a doubt in the minds of the jurors that the defendant could be innocent. If there is, they cannot provide a "guilty" verdict.
In the movie, this juror couldn't remember the name of the movie he saw or who was in it.
Who is Juror #4?
This method of persuasion involves using yours or others' credibility, trustworthiness, status, etc.
What is ethos?
"I used to play in a backyard that was filled with garbage. Maybe it still smells on me?" This juror grew up in the same kind of neighborhood as the defendant.
Who is Juror #5?
The two pieces of evidence the jury asked to see.
What is the switch blade knife and the diagram of the old man's apartment?
Deliberation
What is when the jury discusses the case in order to come up with a verdict?
In the movie, this juror broke down about his relationship with his own son, and was the last to switch his vote to "not guilty."
Who is Juror #3?
"Okay, let's get to the facts. Number one: let's take the old man who lived on the second floor right underneath the room where the murder took place."
What is Logos? Juror 3 is trying to convince Juror 8 by bringing up the evidence as it was presented in the case.
"I have always thought that a man was allowed to have unpopular opinions in this country. This is the reason I came here. I wanted to have the right to disagree." Even though he is not American-born, this juror believes in the right to a fair trial.
Who is Juror #11?
This fact about the woman gave some of the jurors reasonable doubt about the defendant's guilt.
What is that she wore glasses and probably wasn't wearing them at the time she witnessed the crime?
A hung jury
What is when the jury cannot agree on a unanimous verdict?
If the jurors in "12 Angry Men" cannot agree on a verdict then it will result in a hung jury and the case will go through a retrial process.
The jury has to deliberate on the hottest day of the year in New York City. The heat makes everyone tense and angry. In the movie, these TWO things eventually give the jurors some relief from the heat.
What is when it starts to STORM and the AIR CONDITIONING gets turned on (with the light switch)?
"I want to talk for a while. Look-this boy's been kicked around all his life. You know-living in a slum-his mother dead since he was nine. That's not a very good head start. He's a tough, angry kid. You know why slum kids get that way? Because we knock 'em over the head once a day, every day. I think maybe we owe him a few words. That's all."
What is pathos? Juror 8 is trying to get the jurors to feel empathy for the defendant.
"No. The old man wouldn’t really lie. But perhaps he made himself believe he heard those words and recognized the boy’s face. To feel important.” This juror showed empathy with the old man.
Who is Juror #9?
Two of the three characters in the play/movie that are NOT jurors. In the play, they are mostly offstage voices.
Who are the judge, the guard, and the clerk?
The crime the defendant is being charged with.
What is murder in the first degree or pre-meditated homicide? The sentence would be the death penalty or life in prison.
In the play we learn that the boy's mother died when he was nine. In the movie, they add that the boy lived HERE when he went to jail for THIS crime. (Two answers)
What is an orphanage and forgery?