Science Inquiry
The most cost effective sampling technique?
Convenience
Two types of sensory memory
Iconic, echoic
Duration?
nominally 18 to 20 seconds (between 15 and 30 seconds)
Playing piano is what type of LTM
Nondeclarative - procedural
Which part of memory does this model fall within?
Sensory, STM, or LTM
STM
Getting participant without coercion or bribery
Voluntary participation
3 main phases of the memory process
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Recognising the presence of sound waves or light
Reception
Two types of data
Qual and quant
Duration of Iconic memory
Capacity?
7 (+ or -) 2 unit of info (5 to 9)
Remembering when you first played the piano
Declarative - episodic
Function of VSSP?
Process visual and spatial info from sensory and LTM
Written, done by adult if under age
Informed consent
The thing that attaches emotions to memories, giving them levels of importance and therefore helping deciding what to remember
Amygdala
Who had there hippocampus removed and it cause a distinct lack of the ability to form new memories
These different forms of stimuli are converted into electromechanical energy processable by brain and nervous system
An operational hypothesis needs (4 things):
Population
IV
DV
Relationship between them
Duration of echoic memory
3 - 4 seconds
How can we extend STM duration
Maintenance rehearsal
Elaborate rehearsal
You know what a piano is and can describe it
Semantic
Central exec controls which 3 things
Visuospatial sketch pad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer
Done after to make sure participants are aware of reasons for study
Debriefing
What is the main role(s) of the hippocampus?
Form new memories, recall words, navigation/spatial awareness
The aim of The Cocktail Party Effect experiment
to demonstrate the phenomenon of selective attention, where individuals can focus on a single conversation amidst multiple conversations in a crowded environment.
Brain filters stimuli, deciding what’s important and deserves processing and what isn’t and is dropped before the processing stages.
Selection
Each group within the population is represented in the right proportions within the smaller sample size
Increase generalisability
Capacity of sensory memory
unlimited
Method of increasing STM capacity
Chunking
Recalling someone's name whom you haven’t seen for a while as you approach them is what type of memory
Explicit - declarative
What is the function of the episodic buffer?
Integrates info from the VSSP and PL and LTM into single multi dimensional episode
Treating results and information appropriately (access, storage and disposal) and not releasing it without participants knowledge/consent.
Confidentiality
Cerebellum main role
Responsible for procedural, habitual memory eg posture, balance
Why was the cocktail party findings seen as incomplete
Because it suggested complete filtration of outside noise. Made no allowance for sounds etc getting through and capturing attention.
Organised items given meaning. Influenced by past experiences, prior knowledge and biases
Interpretation
The process of picturing the location as you listen to a friend tell a story over the phone
Visuospatial sketchpad, combined with audio (phonological loop) into one multi dimensional event via the episodic buffer
Five ethical considerations
Voluntary participation
Informed consent
deception
confidentiality
withdrawal rights
privacy
debriefing
Describe encoding
Taking different types of stimuli and turning it into form that the brain can deal with
6 steps of 'sensation to perception' in order
reception, transduction, transmission, selection, organisation, interpretation