Consequences of malnutrition
A definition of malnutrition
An imbalance of nutrients. Includes both undernutrition (insufficient intake of nutrients) and overnutrition (an excessive intake of nutrients)
Define a diet-related condition.
A health condition that is influenced by a person's diet, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes or iron-deficiency anaemia.
Definition of nutritionally modified foods.
Foods that have been changed to increase, decrease, add or remove specific nutrients to meet particular nutritional needs or health requirements.
Definition of a dietary supplement.
A product taken to add nutrients to the diet, such as vitamins, minerals, protein, or other substances, when dietary intake may be insufficient.
Define health promotion
Initiatives that help people improve and maintain their health by increasing knowledge, skills and healthy behaviours.
Possible consequences of protein-energy malnutrition
Poor growth and development, muscle wasting, fatigue, weakened immunity,and increased susceptibility to illness and infection.
Dietary factors that contribute to the development of obesity.
Regular consumption of energy-dense foods, large portion sizes, sugary drinks and foods high in added fats and sugars, combined with an overall excess energy intake.
Reasons a food manufacturer may modify the nutritional composition of a food.
To improve nutritional value, meet the needs of specific groups, manage diet-related conditions, address nutrient deficiencies, or respond to consumer demand for healthier food products.
Reasons for taking a dietary supplement.
To address nutrient deficiency, meet increased nutritional needs, or support health when nutrient requirements cannot be met through food alone.
The goal of health promotion.
To prevent illness and improve health and wellbeing across individuals and communities.
The 6 essential food nutrients.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Factors that can interact to increase a person’s risk of developing a diet-related condition.
A person’s diet and lifestyle can influence their risk of developing a condition, while genetics may increase or decrease their susceptibility. These factors can interact to affect the development and severity of conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Ways of modifying a food to increase or decrease a particular nutrient.
A nutrient can be added, reduced or removed during food processing. For example, foods can be fortified with vitamins or minerals, have fat, sugar or sodium reduced, or have nutrients added through ingredient substitution.
Nutrient often accompanying iron supplement.
Vitamin C - assists with absorption
Fibre - assists with elimination
Five-star scale for comparing the nutritional value of packaged foods.
The Health Star Rating (HSR) system
Two important minerals for female adolescents.
Iron - haemoglobin production
Calcium - muscle contraction and bone growth/density
Condition associated with excessive energy intake.
Obesity that can lead to secondary conditions, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, CHD and CVD
Approaches to nutritionally modifying foods to help manage specific dietary conditions.
By increasing, decreasing, removing or replacing specific nutrients to meet the dietary needs of people with a condition. For example, low-sodium foods can help manage hypertension, while low-GI foods can help manage type 2 diabetes.
Nutrient often accompanying a calcium supplement.
Vitamin D
Examples of health promotion initiatives.
Bioactive compounds that are not essential in the diet.
Active non-nutrients/phytochemicals that can enhance body functioning or contribute to good health eg Resveratrol (red/purple) supports cardiovascular health
Carotenoids (orange/yellow) supports vision
Lycopene (red) supports cardiovascular health
This condition occurs when blood glucose levels remain too high.
Type 2 diabetes can lead to blindness, amputation
Difference between enrichment and fortification and examples
Potential risks of consuming excessive amounts of dietary supplements.
Excessive intake can cause toxicity. Some supplements can also interact with medications.
Strategies for promoting health.
These health promotion strategies include creating healthier environments, such as healthy school canteens; strengthening community involvement, such as community health programs; developing personal health skills, such as nutrition education; and improving health services, such as accessible screening and prevention programs.