events
Conflicts between China and Britain over the opium trade. During the years 1839-1842, 1856-1860
Opium Wars
Leader of the Taiping Rebellion, who sought to save China from foreign influence and internal strife.
Hong Xiuquan
what was used as a form of currency in the 19th century.
Opium
what were fought primarily over trade disputes regarding opium. and marked a significant turning point in China's relations with Western powers.
The Opium Wars
The trade of opium, primarily from British India to China, which led to widespread addiction and significant social issues in China.
Opium Trade
A major rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan in southern China. During the years 1850-1864
Taiping Rebellion
A strategy supported by Empress Dowager Cixi aimed at modernizing China's military and economy to resist foreign domination.
Self-Strengthening Movement
what lasted from 1850 to 1864.
The Taiping Rebellion
what aimed to modernize China but faced significant challenges.
The Self-Strengthening Movement
Regions in China where foreign nations had significant economic and political influence without formal control.
Spheres of Influence
A movement aimed at modernizing China's military and economy. During the years 1860s-1880s
Self-Strengthening Movement
The treaty that ended the First Opium War, resulting in the cession of Hong Kong to Britain and opening of several ports to British trade.
Treaty of Nanking (1842)
what occurred from 1899 to 1901
The Boxer Rebellion
what was a response to the spheres of influence, promoting equal trading rights.
The Open Door Policy
A U.S. policy that advocated for equal trading rights for all nations in China, opposing the spheres of influence.
Open Door Policy
A rebellion against Western influence in China.
During the years 1899-1901
Boxer Rebellion
who announced it would become a constitutional monarchy by 1917.
China
what economy did china have
self-sufficient
Announcement that China would transition to a constitutional monarchy by 1917. During the year 1908
Constitutional Monarchy
what highlighted the struggles within China against foreign control and internal strife.
Internal rebellions, such as the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions