Components/Structure
What is a semi-monocoque structure?
It involves a design where the outer skin loads most of the stress, and its internal structure reinforces the skin.
Some examples of common aircraft systems that use hydraulics would be:
What are braking, landing gear, flaps/slats, flight controls, etc.
Name the primary and secondary flight controls.
Primary: what is ailerons, elevator, and rudders
Secondary: what is flaps, trim, or spoilers
What are the 2 main types of landing gear systems?
What are fixed and retractable?
Complete the phrase: More maneuverability equals what.
What is less stability.
Name the principal parts of the wings structure.
What are spars, ribs, stringers, and skin?
How does fluid move through the hydraulic system?
What is via the various "plumbing" channels powered by a motor, and a pressure generator/hydraulic pump.
Where does bleed air come from?
What is the engine?
What are some other, more unique equipment and where might it be used for landings?
Skis or floats when landing in snow or water.
Name a tertiary flight control.
What is AFCS or stability assist?
This term describes the curvature of the wings, and helps create more lift.
What is Camber
What is the typical range in psi of pressure systems in aviation?
What is 3000-5000psi?
What systems are controlled pneumatically
What is de-icing, starter motor, cabin pressurization, vaccuum, heading & attitude indications
This term is used to describe brakes that can be applied individually:
Differential braking
Describe the function of the hydraulic reservoir?
It stores the fluid, cools it, & connects emergency system for redundancy
What do flaps and slats do/when are they used?
They are used for takeoff/landing because they change the camber's surface area, increasing lift and drag.
This is a very common issue when fixing hydraulic systems:
Name the flight controls responsible for producing each axes of rotation.
Ailerons control the longitudinal axis via roll
The elevator controls the lateral axis via pitch
And rudders the vertical axis via yaw.
Retractable landing gear eliminates this factor of flight during cruise:
What is parasite form drag?
Shock absorbers in the landing gear use this type of system.
What is pneumatics?
Tell us why winglets are used on many aircrafts.
Winglets are used to help reduce wingtip vortices, in return reducing drag and increasing efficiency.
This principle is the foundation of hydraulics and states that a small force in one area, can produce a larger force given a larger area.
What is Pascal's Law?
How are fly-by wire systems connected and interfaced with?
What is pilot input through a computer
These are the typical safety features of retractable landing gear:
What is uplock and downlock?
This point is the intersection of all 3 aircraft's axes:
What is the center of gravity?