Patho
Obtained by direct contact and has an incubation period of 3-6 days.
Hands, Foot, and mouth disease
Abnormal muscle tone (increase or decrease), lack of coordination along w/ spasticity (usually).
Cerebral Palsy
Severe cough with a “whooping” sound’ May have flushing, cyanosis with cough, Vomiting & exhaustion after severe coughing,
Whooping cough
+ h/o maternal drug use, s/s noted, EEG abnormal, urine testing, meconium or hair testing
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
Conjunctivitis
Vision loss, eye infection, and periorbital cellulitis (rare)
Communicable period: 1-2 days before rash until ALL lesions have crusted over.
Chicken pox (varicella)
Main S/S of meningitis
sore/stiff neck, (neonates - group B strep), Kernig’s sign (can't straighten out knee), Brudzinski’s sign (moving their neck causes knees and hips to move involuntarily), petechiae/small broken blood vessels all over, DIC dont clot and bleed out, die within hours)
Antibiotics for Whooping cough/Pertussis
Antibiotics x5 extra days (azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin) Corticosteroids PRN, O2 PRN,
Muscular dystrophy
Signs/symptoms usually noted before the age of 6 years, blood samples for gene mutation, muscle biopsy, MRI
May cause fingernail & toenail loss.
HFMD
Protect from heat (rash retriggered by sunlight, exercise, after bath/shower, emotional response, etc)
5th disease. 6 yo is most common age
What areas of the body are affected by muscular dystrophy, and what activities are affected
Lower muscles are affected before upper muscles. Difficulty in walking, jumping, running, walking. Gower’s sign
Thought to be related to folic acid deficiency. And what is the treatment
spina bifida. surgery within 24-48 hours
S/S of strep throat
enlarged/tender lymph nodes,
What is Rheumatic fever, and what is it associated with.
an inflammatory disorder develops when strep is not treated correctly (isn't contagious if you don't still have the bacteria)
Oct-March
Contact w/saliva and nasal secretions. Can live on surfaces for several hrs
Resp syncytial virus (RSV)
Seizure classifications and their signs/symptoms
1) Focal (Partial) Seizures: occurring in one area of the brain, simple/complex seizures
2) Generalized Seizures: affect both sides of the brain
tonic (body stiffens)
atonic (body relaxes)
myoclonic (short body jerking)
clonic (shaking/jerking of the body)
Treatment for Hydrocephalus
Surgery to remove obstruction or create a bypass Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt) Ventriculoatrial (VA shunt) less common
Measles (rubeola) signs and symptoms
Koplik’s spots (tiny white dots in mouth). Rash that begins along the hairline & moves downward to the face, neck, body, hands, & feet. Photophobia
Complication of Muscular Dystrophy
Death usually at 30 years due to progressive respiratory/cardiac failure.
What are the three types of spina bifida, and explain each.
Spina bifida occulta: cord/nerves normal, no spinal bones
Meningocele: membrane that surrounds the spinal cord in enlarge creating a cyst like sac (visible on scans)
Myelomeningocele: membranes and spinal cord are exposed on the back (visible)
Hydrocephalus can cause what to occur in the head.
Infants increase HC; older child = increase ICP
Match the vax with the problem:
palivizumab (Synagis) vaccine Chicken pox
Vax (DTaP) Measles, Mumps
MMR Vax RSV
varicella Pertussis
palivizumab (Synagis) vaccine - Resp syncytial virus (RSV)
Vax (DTaP) - Pertussis
MMR Vax - Measles, Mumps
varicella - Chicken pox
Difference between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis
Viral: pink/red conjunctiva, edema, watery discharge, may only affect one eye,
Bacterial: pink/red conjunctiva, edema, purulent discharge, crusted in the AM, itching/pain
Complication of Chicken pox
Secondary Infection (cellulitis, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia), thrombocytopenia, Reye syndrome (if aspirin given)