Parraleling & Bisecting
alignment of the central ray of the x-ray being in the horizontal and vertical planes
What is angulation?
Developer comes in contact with film before processing
What causes developer spots?
Detect changes in the bone surrounding the roots of the teeth
What is the purpose of periapical radiographs?
Utilizes digital sensors for immediate image capture and processing, projecting results in seconds
What is digital processing?
Restricts size of x-ray beam
What is lead collimator?
Receptor and teeth are parallel
Central ray is perpendicular
What is parallel technique?
fixer comes in contact with film before processing
What causes fixer spots?
refers to the amount of radiation required to produce a radiograph of standard density
What is Film Speed?
Essential for manual processing to prevent exposure to light, which can ruin the film.
What is the importance of dark room?
Converts electrons into x-ray photons.
What is anode?
Receptor must be placed away from the tooth in toward the middle of the oral cavity
What is the receptor placement in parallel technique?
exhausted developer or fixer, insufficient fixing time, insufficient rinsing
What causes yellow-brown stains?
for adult only and bitewings
What is size 3 film?
Used for creating copies of original films for referrals or insurance; processed in a dark room with specialized equipment.
What is duplicating film?
Supplies electrons necessary to produce x-rays
What is cathode?
More comfortable because film is placed in the mouth at an angle
What is the advantage of the bisecting technique?
two films contacting each other during processing
What causes overlapped films?
Check for decay between the teeth and to show how well the upper and lower teeth line up
What is the purpose of bite-wing radiographs?
Involves manual processing in a dark room, requiring careful handling and timing (30 min to 1 hour).
What Are Hand-Dipped Films?
filter out the non-penetrating, longer wavelength x-rays (low energy)
What are aluminum disks?
Harder to position x-ray beam
More distortion
What is the disadvantages of bisecting?
Air trapped on the film surface after being placed in the processing solutions
What causes air bubbles?
For children's occlusals and bitewings with 6 yr. molar
Also for adult periapical & bitewings
What is size 2 film?
Streamlines the process, allowing films to be processed in 5-10 minutes with minimal manual intervention.
What is automatic processing?
Allows x-rays to pass through pid
What is a tubehead seal?