Early Methods
This method often used translation of classical texts and memorization of vocabulary lists.
Grammar-Translation Method
This method played classical music during lessons to create a calm emotional climate.
Suggestopedia
This method believes language is learned through imitation and habit formation.
Indirect Method
This intensive approach often involves long, immersion-style lessons that happen several hours a day
Intensive (Accelerated) Teaching
Maximilian Berlitz is the most famous representative of this method.
Direct Method
This method often overlaps with Total Physical Response, where students respond physically to teacher commands.
Kinaesthetic Learning
This approach developed historically when teachers realized no single method fit large, diverse classrooms, leading to the rise of “eclecticism.”
Mixed or Compromised Methods
A classroom activity for this method might start with students forming a hypothesis using the sentence frame “I think… because…”.
Inquiry-Based Learning
A typical activity of this method involves comparing grammar rules of the target language and students’ native language.
Grammar-Translation Method
Developed by Georgi Lozanov, this method claimed that learners could access “hidden reserves” of the brain.
Suggestopedia
This scholar is best known for proposing the “postmethod” condition in language teaching.
B. Kumaravadivelu
Name 6 principles of Suggestopedia
The authority o the teacher, Infantilisation, duality, suggestive atmosphere, the rhythm, concert-pseudo passivity