Pompeii + Herculaneum
Mt Vesuvius erupted in... (year)
79 CE
Who said:
Those who buried a dead person were not permitted to inscribe the name on a grave except in the case of a man who had died on campaign or a woman who had died in labour.
Plutarch in his biography of Lycurgus
No image encapsulates the idea of Achaemenid kingship more emphatically than the ________ from Persepolis (Brosius, 2021)
Audience relief (Apadana relief)
What event does this quote refer to -
These ships were the beginning of the troubles for both the Greeks and the foreigners. (Herodotus 5.97.3)
The Ionian Revolt (Athenians provided assistance)
Every Roman town had its own open-air sports ground or__________.
Palaestra.
Who implemented the method of using plaster to capture the forms of objects/people buried by the eruption?
Giuseppe Fiorelli
What was the Great Rhetra?
The Spartan Constitution, attributed to Lycurgus (although this is perhaps a later invention).
What inscription from Persepolis tells us about Xerxes' unusual succession?
XPf (The Harem Inscription)
Who was responsible for the decision to fight on the plain of Marathon?
Miltiades
What deities were part of the Capitoline Triad?
Jupiter, Minerva and Juno.
How many bakeries have been identified in Pompeii?
30
The two Spartan kings each held a priesthood of...
Zeus (according to Herodotus)
What are the two main reasons for Xerxes' invasion of Greece?
Revenge and Imperialism (Westward Expansion)
'They did this because a pretext for the alliance [Delian League] was to take revenge for their losses by devastating the Persian king's territories.' (Thucydides 1.96.1)
Why is this phrasing interesting?
Thucydides' enigmatic choice of words - 'pretext' - implies very strongly that one of the stated aims… i.e. vengeance, was not the genuine aim (Buckley, 2010)
The Board of Four (quattuorviri - 2 duoviri and 2 aediles) was the executive arm of the government. What was the legislative arm of the government in P&H?
The City Council (ordo decurionum), composed of 100 members chosen from ex-magistrates.
Name an influential Pompeiian woman.
Eumachia, Mamia, Julia Felix
Unlike slaves in other states who were owned by individuals and could be bought and sold, the helots were owned by who?
The state. They could only be freed by the state and were assigned to work the land of their Spartan masters.
Who said "our traditional picture of Xerxes is a caricature, put together from hostile and faintly contemptuous Greek propaganda" ?
Green, 1996
[Post - Carystus and Naxos] 'Athens was already forging the fetters with which she would bind her allies.'
Who said this?
Bury & Meiggs (1975)
How many public bath complexes have been identified at Pompeii and Herculaneum?
4 in Pompeii. 2 in Herculaneum.
Where did the water for Pompeiian public (fountains and bath complexes) and private needs (well-to-do houses) come from?
Via the Pompeiian branch of the great Augustan aqueduct – the Aqua Augusta – from the springs of Acquaro 26 km away.
What religious festival was held over three days in July at the Amyklaion, south of Sparta. (Hint: the festival had two phases - grief and celebration)
The Hyakinthia
Who said 'upon the death of Darius, Xerxes his son took the kingdom; who, as he inherited his father's kingdom, so did he inherit his piety towards God, and honour him; for he did all things suitable to his father relating to divine worship, and he was exceedingly friendly to the Jews.'
Josephus
Mardonius was killed during which battle?
Plataea
Who is the most powerful Pompeiian man known to historians? (Hint - His name is found on several inscriptions in the Forum and theatre, a large arch on the Via dell’Abbondanza and a statue found on the main intersection of two commercial streets)
Marcus Holconius Rufus