Photosynthesis
ATP is a coenzyme. Is it considered loaded or unloaded?
Loaded
Name the 3 stages of cellular respiration (in order)
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain
What is the name of the product that occurs as a result of transcription?
Pre-mRNA
Smaller sized fragments move slower or faster in gel electrophoresis
Name the bioethical concept:
The consideration of the capacity of living things to make their own decisions; and when living things have diminished capacity to make their own decisions ensuring that they are empowered where possible and protected as necessary
Respect
Define photorespiration
Occurs when the enzyme rubisco fixes oxygen instead of carbon into the calvin cycle
True or false: NAD+ is an input and an output of anaerobic cellular respiration
True
In many cases, more than one triplet can code for an amino acid. DNA is said to be ______________?
Degenerate
This heat stable enzyme found in bacteria is used in PCR to extend the primers
Taq (DNA) polymerase
A factor that binds reversibly to the allosteric site is an example of a_________________?
Non Competitive Inhibitor
Name the outputs of the light dependent stage
Oxygen gas, ATP and NADPH
Why is the rate of cellular respiration generally low when temperature is low?
Enzymes and substrate have less kinetic energy therefore less collisions
What happens when a stop codon is reached in translation?
A release factor binds to the stop codon causing the ribosome complex to fall apart, thus freeing the polypeptide
If an individual is heterozygous at an STR locus, what would you observe if the sample was run on a gel?
Identify an application of CRISPR in crop yields
1. Increase crop yield
2. Increase crop quality
3. Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance
4. Improving photosynthetic efficiency (edit rubisco)
5. Speed up hybrid breeding
Name the 4 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
1. Ambient Temperature
2. CO2 concentration
3. Light availability
4. Water Availability
Indicate the qualitative data that a scientist could collect to suggest that yeast are undergoing cellular respiration.
Presence of bubbles- indicates CO2 gas is produced
A transcription factor is known to regulate the transcription of genes. What is the name of the transcription factor controlling the trp operon?
Repressor Protein
What is the role of sgRNA in CRISPR?
Binds to the template and guides Cas9 to the target gene to make the edit.
Biodiesel
Explain the difference in how C4 and CAM plants fix carbon and produce glucose.
C4 plants: Carbon fixation: mesophyll cells, glucose production: bundle sheath cells
CAM plants: Carbon fixation: night, glucose production: day
What is the purpose of the krebs cycle?
To create energy rich coenzymes (NADH and FADH2)
What does a regulatory gene do?
Produces proteins that control the activity of other genes
Where in bacteria is the human insulin gene inserted?
Into a recombinant plasmid which is then inserted into a bacteria
If a pH meter is not calibrated in a practical, this could cause a _______________ error, which affects ____________.
Systematic, Accuracy