Biodiversity / classification
This is a method of selecting a sample so that each measurement in the study has an equal chance of being selected.
What is a group of organisms that is believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants.
A Clade
size of the population than can be supported indefinitely on the available resources of that ecosystem is .....
This refers to the specific role or position that an organism occupies within an ecosystem.
Niche
___________species are plants that colonise bare ground, can tolerate extreme conditions
Pioneer species
This is a range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Tolerance range
Budding or cloning is an example of
asexual reproduction
An weed invades a local park and rapidly uses up the local resources, killing the grass. It shows an exponential growth, which curve would this show on a graph?
J-curve
It is a plant or animal that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions.
Keystone species
The end of succession is marked by a _________ ____________. It is the final stable community in succession.
Climax Community
There are 3 main ways organisms are classified
1. Physical Feature (Linnaean Classification)
2. Methods of Reproduction (K and R Selection)
3. Molecular Sequencing
Occurs when two species interact with each other in a close relationship over a long period of time. At least one species benefits from the interaction. What is this and what are the 3 main types?
Symbiosis - mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism
When a few members of a species colonise a new and favourable habitat, the population increases rapidly.
However this population growth cannot be sustained, resources are used the population begins to level off.
this is an example of
logistic growth S-curve
The 3 cycles you need to remember and know the processes for are ....
water, carbon and nitrogen
Fossils can be used to identify changes in ________ and _______ _________ during Earth’s history.
abiotic and biotic factors
Cladistics has three common assumptions: what are they
1.All organisms share a common ancestor
2.The offspring of an ancestral species diverge dichotomously
3.Organisms become increasingly different as they evolve from the point of cladogenesis
Many offspring produced with little investment of energy or parenting, high mortality is an example of a
R-strategist
N = (M x n) / m
M = # Ind caught, marked and released initially
n = # Ind caught on 2nd sampling
m = # Ind recaptured that were marked
One evening 55 mice in an area were captured, marked and released. The following evening 70 mice were captured, of which 35 were marked. Determine the population size using Lincoln’s index.
N = (55 x 70) / 35
N = 110
What principle states that no two species can occupy exactly the same niche in an ecosystem?
One species is likely to be more competitively superior, the inferior competitor will then be eliminated.
Competitive exclusion principle
Often one, or both, species evolve to occupy different niches, minimising competition
2 universities that Miss Rynne attended .....
ACU and Griffith
SDI=1 - (∑n (n -1)/ N (N -1)
Calculate the SDI for Area 1
- Grey Mangrove - 7
- Red mangrove 3
- Yellow Mangrove - 88
0.19
Breaks a large population down into similar subgroups, or strata. The data samples are then randomly taken from each of the strata - this is called what?
Stratified sampling
Population growth rate =(BR + IR) – (DR + ER)
Calculate the growth rate of a population of 1000 individuals where, every year 100 individuals are born, 65 individuals immigrate into the population, 37 individuals die and 25 individuals emigrate to another population.
103 per 1000 or can express as percentage
103/1000×100 =10.3% increase
Calculating the percentage of energy transfer between the first 2 trophic levels
Producers = 900
Primary consumers = 36
Secondary consumers = 11.5
Energy transfer = 36/900 x 100 = 4%
The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time is known as.......
Ecological succession