Immune
These two broad classes of molecular signals are detected by pattern recognition receptors during sepsis.
What are PAMPs and DAMPs
This Anaplasma species infects platelets and causes infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia.
What is Anaplasma platys?
These two Toxoplasma stages are responsible for rapid dissemination and persistent tissue infection, respectively.
What are tachyzoites and bradyzoites?
This term describes sterile chemical inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma following aspiration of gastric contents, without an established bacterial infection.
What is aspiration pneumonitis?
This explains why a septic patient may have an adequate systemic blood pressure but inadequate tissue perfusion.
What is microcirculatory dysfunction?
Along with IL-1 beta and IL-6, this pro-inflammatory cytokine promotes leukocyte recruitment and activation and happens to share a name with a weekly sporting broadcast.
What is TNF alpha?
This tick-borne protozoan causes shock in cats through obstruction of small venules by schizont-laden monocytes, often followed by severe nonregenerative anemia.
What is Cytauxzoon felis?
Development of FIP is associated with a shift in feline coronavirus cell tropism from intestinal epithelial cells to these immune cells, allowing efficient systemic viral replication.
What are monocytes and macrophages?
This genus of bacteria lacks a cell wall, making beta-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin and amoxicillin–clavulanate ineffective against it.
What is Mycoplasma?
According to the 2026 ACVECC consensus definition, sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome associated with a dysregulated host response to infection that results in THIS.
What is organ dysfunction?
This Toll-like receptor recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria and plays a major role in initiating the inflammatory response to endotoxin.
What is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)?
This tick species is the primary vector for Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the northeastern United States.
What is Ixodes scapularis? (black legged tick, deer tick)
This ocular condition is a recognized manifestation of feline toxoplasmosis even in the absence of systemic disease.
What is uveitis (anterior uveitis and posterior uveitis (chorioretinitis))?
According to the ISCAID guidelines, pyothorax in both dogs and cats is most commonly associated with mixed infections involving this category of bacteria.
What are anearobic bacteria?
These three mechanisms are principally responsible for pathologic vasodilation and reduced responsiveness to endogenous vasopressors during septic shock.
What are (1) activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, (2) increased nitric oxide production, and (3) relative vasopressin depletion?
Activation of TLR and NLR signaling pathways leads to activation of this transcription factor, which promotes expression of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and other inflammatory mediators.
What is nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)?
This tick transmits Ehrlichia canis, the cause of canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis.
What is Rhipicephalus sanguineus (the brown dog tick)?
When effective and functioning, this type of immunity is associated with control of and resistance to progressive FIP.
What is cell-mediated immunity
This bacterial pathogen should be suspected in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease complex that develop acute hemorrhagic pneumonia or sudden death.
What is Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus?
This multicenter human trial compared restrictive and liberal red blood cell transfusion thresholds of hemoglobin less than 7 versus 9 g/dL in septic shock and found no difference in mortality or ischemic events.
What is the TRISS trial?
This bacterial structural protein is recognized by Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), triggering innate immune signaling and a proinflammatory response.
What is flagellin?
Morulae observed within neutrophils cannot reliably distinguish between these two pathogens, requiring PCR or DNA sequencing for species identification.
What are Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia ewingii?
GS441524 is an analogue of this, which allows it to prevent viral RNA replication
Adenosine
Sigua et al. found that these three factors were associated with decreased odds of survival after surgery for canine pyothorax.
What are hyperglobulinemia, increased age, and increasing leukocyte count?
This record label released two chart topping hits in 2026 on the topics of sepsis and tickborne diease.
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