Exploration
What were the 3 main motivations for European exploration?
Gold (silver and gold), God (Christianity or religious freedom), Glory (fame and power)
What was the climate of the Middle Colonies?
Moderate/mild climate, fertile soil
What was the climate of the Southern Colonies?
Hot summers. The climate is the warmest of the 3 colonial regions, fertile soil
What was the religion of the New England Colonies?
Divided into two groups, the Pilgrims and Puritans
What was Jamestown?
The first permanent English settlement in North America. Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. Created mainly to make profit, not for religious freedom.
What major challenge did Native American's face as a result of European colonization?
Disease
What was the Economy of the Middle Colonies?
Agriculture (The Breadbasket colonies), Artisans, Lumber
What was the religion of the Southern Colonies?
Most Southern Colonies made the Church of England the official religion
What was the government in the New England Colonies?
Royal and Charter
What were the early struggles of Jamestown?
Poor location led to disease and unsafe water
Many settlers lacked survival skills
Conflict with the Powhatan caused tension and danger
The Virginia House of Burgesses gave settlers the power to do what?
Be involved in creating their own laws by electing representatives
What was the government of the Middle Colonies?
Freedom, religious tolerance, and democracy. The colonists were able to vote for their representatives.
What was the social structure like in the Southern Colonies?
Rigid Hierarchy: Society was strictly divided by wealth and race.
Planter Elite (held the power), Small Farmers and Artisans, Indentured Servants and Enslaved People
What was the Economy in the New England Colonies?
Trade, fishing and whaling, and shipbuilding
What were indentured servants?
People who signed a contract stating they would work for 4 to 7 years in exchange for food, clothing, and shelter. After their debt was paid off, they earned a very small amount of pay for their labor.
What were the three reasons for the growth of self-government in the colonies?
Distance from England to the colonies, Tradition of Self-government, Salutary Neglect
What was the religion in the Middle Colonies?
The Middle Colonies saw a mixture of diverse religions. (Pennsylvania: Quakers)
What was the Economy of the Southern Colonies?
Agriculture: Cash Crops grown on plantations
What was the climate in the New England Colonies?
Large temperature contrasts, hot summers and cold harsh winters, rocky soil
What were the 5 cash crops in the Southern Colonies?
Tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, sugarcane
Europeans began exploring in search of what?
New trade routes to Asia for spices, silks, and other valuables
What were the four colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
What were the five colonies?
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
What were the four colonies?
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut
Why did colonist bring African Americans to the Southern Colonies?
To work as enslaved laborers on plantations. (Jamestown in 1619: Tobacco)