Violence & Colonization
The massive scale exchange of food, crops, animals, people and disease that took place between two worlds after a certain loser 'discovered' the Americas
The Columbian Exchange
A particularly profitable cash crop that helped explode the Chesapeake Bay colonies' economies
Tobacco
This reconquering of the Iberian Peninsula solidified Spanish control away from Islamic power and kicked off the age of Spanish 'discovery'.
The Reconquista, 1492
This German monk declared that the Catholic church had become too corrupted and reforms were needed to create a new church and faith free of corruption.
Martin Luther, 1517
This area can be described as a social, political, and physical area where two vastly different cultures and belief systems collided as European colonizers arrived on the shores of North America.
The Middle Ground
This requirement from a European king tried to force all native peoples that his explorers encountered convert to Christianity and subject themselves to his crown or die.
This Iberian Peninsular power set up the foundation for a global slave trade in the mid-1400s with its extensive network of slave trading posts across the coast of West Africa
The Portuguese Empire
The wars that erupted after this event brought Europeans to violence against each other for nearly 100 years.
The Protestant Reformation
This religious doctrine declared that only the 'Elect', a predetermined group of supposedly pure individuals, could be saved by a finite amount of grace from God.
Calvinism
Europeans' conception of _______ _______ was inconsequential to Native American belief systems because it was impossible to own the _____ that gives all life.
Property ownership, earth
By the end of this war, the Narragansett & Mohegan people realized they made a dark deal with the devil, in that the English wanted to violently expand and claim land as their own without a care for the Native inhabitants.
The Pequot War, 1637
By the time urban migration in England took place as a result of the _______ ________, the English began to realize that ________ ____________ was not a sufficiently exploitable captive labor force in order to become sufficiently wealthy.
enclosure system, indentured servitude
This series of acts passed by English parliament helped spark the series of wars before the Seven Years Wars in order to secure British taxation profits on shipping lanes.
The Navigation Acts, 1600-1664
This woman became a legend for daring to challenge the strict patriarchal power structures of Puritan New England by confronting their own corrupt practices and oppressive behaviors in Puritan society.
Anne Hutchinson, 1637
This Wampanoag leader's benevolence, peace making skills, and generosity is what helped the Plymouth colony survive the Starving Times.
Massasoit (Ousamequin)
This series of wars in the Chesapeake region in the first half of the 17th century saw a certain group of Native Americans fiercely resist the violent colonization of their lands by the English, but ultimately ended with racial boundaries, forced Native subjugation, and reservations.
Anglo-Powhatan Wars
This law passed by the Virginia Colony in 1662 helped solidify the permanent transformation of a society with slaves into a slave holding society.
The Condition of the Mother, 1662
Replication Period, 1710s-1763
These two preachers would lead the 'First Great Awakening' across the North American colonies preaching personal repentance to Christ and an inclusion of all people directed towards salvation.
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
The Treaty of 1621
This historical event that lasted from 1674-1676 and ended with the burning of Jamestown proved the vitriolic anger white settlers had when their leaders spoiled their 'civilization' by working with the 'savagery' of Native peoples.
Bacon's Rebellion
The country that would eventually become the United States became intrinsically tied to this new form of dehumanization in order to build its settler society in North America. This form would be responsible for the theft of over 12 million lives.
This English parliamentarian turned military commander excellently represents the fallacy of Europeans being inherently 'civilized' because of his 'savage' treatment of Irish populations, i.e. decapitating entire villages of Irish and lining the roads with their heads.
Lord Oliver Cromwell
This violent conflict that ended with English king James II's beheading solidified a Protestant future in England and ended the English Wars of Succession.
The Glorious Revolution
By the gifting and exchanging of this precious resource, Native American peoples in New England forced diplomatic alliances, negotiated trade deals, and brokered peace.
Wampum