Darwin and Natural Selection
Which species gave Darwin his first ideas about evolution?
mockingbirds of South America and Galapagos
Any evidence of past life, including chemical evidence body parts, traces or impressions of an animal or plant that has been preserved.
Fossil
What percentage of all animals are classified as invertebrates?
97%
What significant event in the history of life occurred around 542 million years ago?
The Cambrian Explosion
the first photosynthetic organisms
cyanobacteria
Selective breeding by humans in order to produce desirable traits in livestock and plants
Artificial selection
The process by which, under weight, and over long periods of time, the materials which made up the body of the plant or animal may be leached out and replaced with minerals.
Mineralization
How old is the Earth estimated to be?
4.5 billion years
Evidence for this includes geological formations such as glacial deposits and striations found in equatorial regions.
Snowball Earth
What type of digestion process exists in sponges?
intracellular digestion
Evolution can be defined as a change in the ________ of a population over time.
genetic makeup
In undisturbed rock layers, which fossils are typically the oldest?
Fossils found at the bottom are the oldest.
The curious collection of evolutionary dead ends that grew and developed utilizing a simple branching pattern found at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada
Fractal animals
How did the atmosphere during the Carboniferous period contribute to the size of animals?
It had around 35% oxygen, enabling larger growth.
What evolutionary phenomenon does the Cambrian Explosion exemplify?
adaptive radiation
The two conditions required for evolution in a population.
1) There must be genetic variation.
2) There must be pressure from the environment that favors one combination of DNA over others.
Which type of fossil dating uses radioactive isotopes?
absolute dating
What is a major advantage of having numerous body segments?
They allow for specialization of body regions for different functions.
Trilobites uniquely had eye lenses made of this mineral
Calcite
The first name of the author of the scientific work, 'On the Origin of Species'
Charles
The phrase describing the idea that traits are passed down from generation to generation and sometimes undergo changes or modifications over time.
Descent with modification
The principle that fossilized organisms appear in a definite, chronological order in sedimentary rock layers.
faunal succession
A relatively new type of reproduction that serves to increase genetic variation in the offspring
Sexual reproduction
Name at least 2 of the 3 problems that had to be solved in order for animals to move from water to land
-dessication
-how to breathe (ventilate)
-energy acquisition (food)
"The use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge gained by this process."
Science (as defined by the National Academy of Sciences)