Reform and...
According to ____, society is the crucial regulator that prevents people from acting in their narrow self-interest, and makes it possible for large groups of people to live relatively peaceful and productive lives. (Cairns, 23)
Social Order Theory
According to ____, society is not free, fair, and based on equality for all; rather, society is organized around fundamental inequalities that privilege some groups and individuals and disadvantage others. (Cairns, 23)
Social Conflict Theory
What are the four types of economic integration? (Wk3, 31)
market, reciprocity, redistribution, householding
The collective activities of a number of individuals. (McMurtry, 17)
What is the 'Sociological Imagination'?
- It is a quality of mind;
- Promises an understanding of the intimate realities of ourselves in connection with larger social realities;
- Offers the promise that all such sensibilities—and in fact, human reason itself—will come to play a greater role in human affairs. (Mills, 15)
Mills is famous for the 'sociological imagination;' what is the conception he stands opposed to "as a set of bureaucratic techniques which inhibit social inquiry by 'methodological pretentions'"? (Mills, 20)
Engineering Imagination
The 'sociological imagination' enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety, preventing...
False Consciousness
What are the 'Means of Production'? (Wk3, 22)
Land, Labour, Capital
"Functions as purchasing power in the hands of its owners." (Polanyi, 71)
Capital
What is 'natural' mean in a social science context?
What is meant when using the phrase 'fill the gap'?
The social economy fills the gap between business and government or explaining the relationship between 'social' and 'economy' (McMurtry, 6)
What is 'alienation'?
The separation of the individual from something (e.g. their labor, themselves, society) through exploitation of capitalism
While on the one hand markets spread all over the face of the globe and the amount of goods involved grew to unbelievable dimensions, on the other hand a network of measures and policies was integrated into powerful institutions designed to check the action of the market relative to labor, land, and money. (Polanyi, 79)
Double Movement
"The genius of the corporation as a business form, and the reason for its remarkable rise over the last three centuries, was-and is-its capacity to combine the capital, and thus the economic power, of unlimited numbers of people."
Joint-stock corporation (Bakan, 8)
A 'Composite Economic Profile' is made up of these five categories.
Work, consumption, capital & investment, finance, and environment (Stanford, 17-18)
What is a monopoly, and why might it be okay under a Social Order Theory perspective?
A monopoly is single dominant seller (e.g. Hudson Bay Company). Social Order Theory might be okay with a monopoly, as long as it is seem as fair and legitimate, since Social Order Theory does not try to remove exclusion or inequality entirely from society.
What is 'utopia,' and how does it apply to social economy?
denotation: ou (no) + topos (place) = “no place” (Wk5, 43)
Utopia is important as an 'ideal type' or hypothetical scenario that helps give us a framework to consider in the real, present. It applies to the social economy, by highlighting the gaps that need to be filled in society (e.g. food bank), and how that might not be enough for social change. (Wk5, 14
____ implies that all production is for sale on the market and that all incomes derive from such sales... therefore, a market economy is an economic system controlled, regulated, and directed by market prices; order in the production and distribution of goods is entrusted to this...mechanism making it a(n) ____. (Polanyi, 72, 79)
Self-regulating Market
How does McMurtry define 'the economy'?
The efficient production, distribution, and consumption of goods in short supply. (McMurtry, 31)
reciprocity v. redistribution - how do the patterns connected to them help to explain their function? Give a comparative example to demonstrate.
Symmetry is connected to reputational incentive to produce and contribute among kinship relations
Centricity is connected to irregular resource availability and collective input (e.g. there may be a scarcity of deer to hunt, so the meat is divided equitably)
Reciprocity: Gift-giving v. Redistribution: Potlatch
What is a corporation, and how is it different from a sole proprietorship or partnership?
Corporations are the dominant economic form in contemporary society. Corporations focus on profit for owners/shareholders rather than on providing a social good. They are different in that they separate the ownership from management of the corporation.
What is a social construction and how does it work?
A social construction is something that is made by people, it is made to do some social activity, often made to seem 'natural'.
Excluding market economy, name the matching patterns that pairs with the three types of economic integration (Polanyi, 49-50, 57)
Reciprocity/Symmetry
Distribution/Centricity
Householding/Autarchy
How does McMurtry define the 'Social Economy'?
Economic activity neither controlled directly by the state nor by the profit logic of the market; activity that prioritizes the social well-being of communities and marginalized individuals over partisan political directives or individual gain. (Mcmurtry, 31)
How does 'limited liability' function?
If a person bought $100 worth of shares, they reasoned, he or she should be immune to liability for anything beyond that, regardless of what happened to the company. Supporters of "limited liability," as the concept came to be known, defended it as being necessary to attract middle-class investors into the stock market. (Bakan, 11)