Intro to nutrition
What are your Macronutrients?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Water
What do you find in red, orange, yellow, and green leafy vegetables?
Vitamin A
Why would you recommend a pregnant patient to increase their intake of Vitamin B9 (Folate)? And what do you recommend they eat?
To avoid Neural Tube Defects such as Spina bifida or Anencephaly.
Beans and Greens
What is the difference between a Clear liquid diet and Full-liquid diet? Name an example of each.
A clear liquid diet consists of liquids that you can see through, like water, coffee, or broth.
A full liquid diet consists of any foods that may become liquid at room temperature. Ice cream, cream of mushroom soup.
How do you measure the Nasogastric tube before inserting it?
From tip of the nose to the pinna to the xyphoid process
How much protein should be consumed in our daily diets?
15-25%
Which is the best source of protein?
Egg whites & lean meats
What type of Anemia can a deficiency in Vitamin B12 cause, and what is its characteristic?
Pernicious Anemia,
Macrocytic
What type of liquids would you expect a patient with dysphasia to receive?
Thickened liquids
What are the signs of formula intolerance? What are most formulas made out of?
Diarrhea, Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Milk
Name the Micronutrients, what they are, and their functions.
Vitamins- Organic compounds responsible for regulating body processes, reproduction and growth.
Minerals - Chemicals needed for muscle building, nerve conduction, blood clotting, and immunity to diseases.
What type of Vitamin is Vitamin C? Name 3 foods it can be found in?
Water soluble vitamin
Can be found in Guavas, bell peppers, kiwi, oranges, papaya, tomato, broccoli, Kale, snow peas. Citrus fruits
What can a deficiency in vitamin C cause? and what is a sign and symptom of it?
Scurvy, Bleeding gums
What type of diet consists of a low-sodium, low-cholesterol intake?
Cardiac diet
What is the difference between an NG tube and a G or J tube?
NG tubes are temporary and can be inserted by an RN from the nose to the stomach.
A G tube or J tube is for long-term use and is surgically placed in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen.
Name the fat-soluble vitamins.
A, D, E, K
A patient is low on phosphorus, as his nurse, what would you recommend him to eat?
Dairy, Beans, and Meats
A protein deficiency characterized by thin muscles but a fat presence is called?
Kwashiorkor
What type of diet restricts the carbohydrate intake?
Diabetic diet
What is the best way to check placement of an NG tube?
KUB or Xray
What are the two best ways to assess diet intake?
Food diary
24-hour recall
Your patient is low on calcium and reports that she is vegan. What would you recommend she eat to increase her calcium intake?
Tofu, soy products, and green leafy vegetables.
What is marasmus, and what does a patient with marasmus look like?
A deficiency in everything, characterized by normal hair, old man appearance with thin limbs and little fat or muscle, a very underweight body.
What should be restricted in a patient with a renal diet?
potassium, sodium, and phosphorus intake.
What is the difference between a Levin Catheter & a Salem Sump Catheter? What should you never do to a Salem sump catheter?
A Levin catheter is a single-lumen catheter, and a Salem sump is a double-lumen catheter for aspiration in one lumen and venting in the other.
Never cover the second lumen