States of Matter
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
What are solids, liquids and gases made of?
Tiny particles
What happens to particles when a substance is heated?
They gain energy and move faster
What is melting?
Changing a solid to a liquid
What is everything in the universe made of?
Atoms
Which state has a fixed state and volume?
Solid
What energy do moving particles have?
Kinetic energy
What happens to a substance when it cools?
It contracts
What is it called when a liquid turns to a solid?
Freezing
What is a substance made of only one type of atom called?
An element
Which state takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume?
Liquid
How are particles arranged in a solid?
Close together in a regular pattern
What happens to a substance when it is heated?
It expands
What is boiling?
Changing a liquid to a gas at its boiling point
What are the three particles inside an atom?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Which state spreads out to fill all the space it is in?
Gas
How do particles move in a liquid?
They move around each other randomly
Why do bridges have expansion joints?
To allow for expansion and contraction and prevent damage or cracking
What is it called when a liquid is changed to a gas without boiling?
Evaporation
What is the centre of an atom called?
Nucleus
Why can gases be compressed but solids cannot?
Gas particles are far apart with spaces between them so can be pushed together. Solids and liquids are already close together.
Explain why a liquid can flow but a solid cannot?
Liquid particles move around each other but solid particles are fixed in place and only vibrate
Why does a balloon gets bigger in hot water?
The gas particles gain kinetic energy, move faster and further apart, causing the balloon to expand
Why does evaporation happen at temperatures below the boiling point?
Some particles have enough energy to escape from the liquid even before the boiling point
What information does the atomic number give you?
The number of protons in an atom