General GI 1
Current guidelines on the use of stress ulcer prophylaxis only in ICU patients at high risk for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, including?
• Those with coagulopathy, traumatic brain injury, or severe burns
• Those on mechanical ventilation for >48 hours
• Those with a history of GI bleeding
• Those with two or more minor risk factors (e.g., sepsis or substantial glucocorticoid therapy)
Sulfasalazine is associated with a deficiency of?
Folic Acid
The recommended treatment for bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine is?
rifaximin.
The most appropriate treatment for tropical sprue is?
oral tetracycline for 2 months.
In a patient <60 years of age who has dyspepsia, the first step in evaluation is to test for?
Helicobacter pylori
If five tubular adenomatous polyps ranging from 3 to 5 mm in diameter without villous features or high-grade dysplasia are detected on an initial screening colonoscopy, the appropriate interval for a repeat colonoscopy is?
3 Years
First-line therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis is?
Clotrimazole troches or miconazole mucoadhesive buccal tablets.
Common Precipitants of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis? Name 3
Drugs
Hypovolemia
Infection
Metabolic Alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Nitrogen load
A patient with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction who has not responded to placement of nasogastric and rectal tubes should be treated with?
intravenous neostigmine
The most appropriate first-line antibiotic therapy for a severely symptomatic patient with Shigella dysentery is?
3-day course of a fluoroquinolone, such as ciprofloxacin
The most appropriate next step in treatment for a healthy patient with functional dyspepsia who does not improve after 8 weeks of a proton pump inhibitor is to initiate?
Tricyclic antidepressant.
How can we assess Fibrosis in Chronic HCV?
FIB-4 scoring system, transient elastography, imaging
All patients with cirrhosis and medium or large varices should receive primary prophylaxis for variceal hemorrhage with beta blockers. Name 3?
carvedilol, nadolol, propranolol
Ideal Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopies?
A split-dose preparation of polyethylene glycol solution, which involves half the volume of preparation being given the night before the procedure and half being given the morning of, is superior to exclusive evening-before dosing.
The most appropriate initial treatment for chronic radiation proctitis after failure of rectal hydrocortisone is?
sucralfate enemas
H. pylori testing is recommended before starting what medication?
chronic low-dose aspirin
Patients with cirrhosis should undergo measurement of liver stiffness by transient elastography; if this measurement is ≥25 kPa? They should be started on what therapy?
Nonselective beta-blockers for primary prevention of variceal bleeding.
When a patient has heartburn that does not improve after an adequate trial of acid-suppression therapy, and both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and cardiac evaluation are normal, the most appropriate next step is?
esophageal impedance-pH testing
The most appropriate initial management approach for scleroderma of the esophagus includes two different agents. What are they?
PPI, prokinetic agents
Before diagnosing or initiating therapy in a patient with suspected achalasia, clinicians should first rule out pseudo-achalasia and other structural diseases using?
upper endoscopy.
The most appropriate first-line therapy for Giardiasis is?
Tinidazole or nitazoxanide.
The most appropriate antiemetic treatment for patients receiving chemotherapy with a high risk of emesis is a combination of?
ondansetron, dexamethasone, aprepitant or fosaprepitant
The most appropriate strategy for managing Barrett's esophagus with newly diagnosed low-grade dysplasia on surveillance endoscopy is?
Surveillance endoscopy (initially every 6 months) or endoscopic ablation with RFA
In suspected small-bowel Crohn disease that involves the terminal ileum and ascending colon on colonoscopy, evaluation of the extent of disease and assessment for complications is best performed with?
magnetic resonance enterography
Rome Diagnostic Criteria for IBS?