age of discovery
By the 1400s, Europe had improved its technology. What are some examples of this?
Foreign tech:
- Gunpowder weapons (mongal china) helps in conquering
-Navigational tools (compass and star navigation) helps in sailing
European made:
-Caravel: small and fast ship type
What kind of empire was Portugal, what are some ways we can see this (examples)?
-Trading post empire (was small, so couldn't really conquer, making trading posts was smart move)
-1507 Hormuz-Persia
-1510 Goa-India
-1570 Nagasaki-Japan
Who are the Americas named after, why?
Amerigo Vespucci, saw that the flora and fauna was different from the ones in India, so this land must be part of a New World
What crops were transferred?
Old->New (Eurasia to Americas)
-Grapes, sugar cane, olives, coffee beans
New->Old (Americas to Eurasia)
-Tomatoes, potatoes, avocado, corn, squash, turkey, Tobacco
In the Conquest of the Inca, Spanish conquistador ___ ___ met with Incan emperor ___
_Fransico_ _Pizarro_
_Atahuallpa_
Why did European states want to explore?
-Profit (finding gold and taking advantage of trade routes)
-Religion (spreading Christianity)
What did Spanish sponsored voyages hope to achieve by travelling west?
-Reach the "indies"
Who is
Jacques Cartier (1535)
Henry Hudson (1609)
James Cook (1770)
-FRENCH Based on his explorations in St lawrence river, France later claimed Canda (Quebec fur trading post btw)
-ENGLISH Henry Hudson explored Hudson river, had New Hampshire founded (NY)
-BRITISH James Cook found Australlia, New Zealand, and Hawaii
For the Conquest of the Aztecs, Spanish conquistador __ __ was welcomed to the Aztec capital (Tenochtitlan) by emperor ___
_Hernán_ _Cortés_ __Montezuma_
What is Cajamara?
-The town/place the Spanish met the Incas; where the Incas tried to share religion and didn't understand the Bible
Which European state really led maritime exploration?
Portugal
Who 'discovered' the Americas, which nation/city/country did they represent?
*bonus: when did this happen*
1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue and "found" the Americas, representing Spain.
Define the Columbian Exchange (no examples needed yet)
Who was La Malinche?
The Spanish, after Atahuallpa chucked the Bible, went out to attack. What happened to Atahuallpa?
(Hint: __ and ___, then __ and __)
-_Captured_, held for _ransom_; but no amount of money satisfied the Spanish
-Put on _trial_, then _executed_ by strangling because he was give the chance to convert
Describe Prince Henry the Navigator's accomplishments/ what we know him for.
What treaty soon followed Columbus's discovery, describe it.
-Treaty of Tordasillas; Pope settled the dispute Spain and Portugal had. Spain got west of line (majority of the Americas), Portugal got east (this is why Brazil speaks Portuguese)
What Diseases were transferred?
Old->New
-Malaria (mosquitoes)
-Smallpox
New->Old, Syphilis (STD)
What is one key reason the Aztecs welcomed Hernan Cortes?
Some sources claim that the Aztecs saw a god, Quetzalcoatl who had left and was supposed to return, was similar in appearance to Cortes. This made the Aztecs welcome Cortes and co. and try and share their religinon
After they were defeated (having there Emperor killed), did the Incas immediately give in?
-No! they resisted for decades
How does Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Goma connect to eachother.
-Bartolomeu Dias went on a voyage, headed to India, only made it to tip of South Africa/beginning of Indian Ocean. This opens up doors for other travellers ->
-Vasco da Goma is the first European to reach India by sea! brought back goodies to Portugal.
What did Ferdinand Magellan do?
-First to lead a voyage that circumnavigated the globe
-In doing so, found the Strait of Magellan at the very tip of South America
-Actually died during the voyage (1520ish) in the Phillippines
What Domesticated animals were transferred?
-Cows and pigs (added protein to diet)
-Horses(fast transport of people)
What happened when Cortes killed Montezuma, what are three key things (one key things has 3 bits that make it up) that helped Cortes in what happened after?
-Spanish destroyed the captital
-Tlaxaclans-groups that were tired of Aztec rule, helped fight back
-Smallpox, killed Aztecs rapidly
-Tech advancements: Gunpowder, Steel (armour and swords) and cavalry (horses)
What is the significance of Ollantaytambo?
How about Vilcabamba?
*Bonus: Who was Manco Inca*
-Where last battle occured
-The new Capital, the true "lost city", of the Incas
*son of Atahuallpa, helped resist Spanish conquest*