Lesson 1-1
Energy from ___________ is used by producers to create chemical energy.
Sunlight
The process of maintaining an organism's internal conditions.
homeostasis
Things in the environment that are not living, such as physical or Chemical attributes of a system.
Abiotic
State of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
Gas
State of matter that has definite volume, takes the shape of its container
Liquid
State of matter that has definite shape and volume.
Solid
Sub atomic particle located in the nucleus
Has a (+) positive charge
Contributes to atomic mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu) for each proton present.
Protons
Absorb energy and nutrients from waste or dead organisms. Recycle the nutrients to the non-living environment. Examples:
Fungi
Bacteria
Decomposers (are also heterotrophs)
Of, pertaining to, or produced by life or living organisms.
Biotic
All of the living things in a particular area AND non-living (abiotic) things in the environment, like the soil or rainwater.
Ecosystem
96% of the human body is made up of these atoms:
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sub atomic particle
Orbit the nucleus in various outer shells.
Each has a negative (-) charge.
Very small, and does not contribute to the atomic mass.
Electrons
Subatomic particle located in the nucleus
Has (0) no charge (neutral)
Contributes to atomic mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu) for each neutron present.
Neutrons
The number of protons in an atom is also known as the _____________.
Atomic number
Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
Atoms
All of the individuals of a species living within a specific area.
Population
Make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non-living sources.
Plants
Some protists (Algae)
Some bacteria (Chemolithotrophs like green sulfur bacteria)
Autotrophs or Producers
Interactions between atoms usually involve the __________ of each atom.
Electrons
OCCURS WHEN TWO OR MORE ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS.
A COVALENT BOND
The different forms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called______.
ISOTOPES
The outermost electron orbital shell is called the ______.
Valence shell
The property of life that describes how atoms, molecules, and macromolecules arranged in a very specific way
Order
Obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Examples:
Humans
Cows
Coyotes
Heterotrophs or consumers
Composed of organized organs carrying out a specific function.
Organ Systems
Protons + Neutrons make up the _______.
Mass number
The innermost shell or first shell can only hold
2 electrons
COMPLETE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER. THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN THE OPPOSITE CHARGED ATOMS IS WHAT HOLDS THEM TOGETHER.
IONIC BOND
Bond type where there is an UNEQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS
POLAR COVALENT BOND
a group of similar living organisms that can produce offspring with one another.
Species
Aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by a membrane.
Organelles
The collection of all ecosystems, represents the zones of life on Earth.
Biosphere
ESSENTIAL MINERALS ARE PRESENT IN LIVING TISSUES IN SMALL AMOUNTS, USUALLY OBTAINED THROUGH DIET.
DEFICIENCIES IN THESE ELEMENTS CAN CAUSE DISEASE.
TRACE ELEMENTS
Bond type where there is an EQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS
NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND
Two or more DIFFERENT atom types chemically bonded to each other.
Compound
A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons. It increases as you move to the right and up the periodic table toward Fluorine.
Electronegativity
There are plenty of examples of how life is unified, list 2.
Any two of the following:
All organisms evolved from 1 common ancestor.
All organisms use a common genetic code.
D N A is the universal genetic language common to all organisms
Similarities between organisms are evident at all levels of the biological hierarchy
Fossils and other evidence document the evolution of life on Earth over billions of years
The type of rock fossils are formed in is called_________.
Sedimentary rock
The concept that describes a population's change over time.
Evolution
The second and third electron orbital shells can hold up to______________ electrons.
8
A polar substance that is "water loving".
Dissolves well in other polar molecules.
For points, you must also list an example.
Hydrophilic Ex: Alcohol, ions, salts
The amount of energy required to change 1 gram of water into a gas.
Heat of vaporization
A non-polar substance that is "water fearing".
Does not mix well with water or other polar substances.
For points, you must also list an example.
Hydrophobic
Ex: Oil, substances with lots of hydrocarbons
Any heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment.
adaptation
The sum of all populations inhabiting a specific area.
Community
Chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds.
Molecules
Calculated mean of the mass number of all naturally occurring isotopes.
Chlorine 35 (75.8%)= 26.5
Chlorine 37 (24.2%)= 8.95
26.53 + 8.95 = 35.45
Atomic mass
A BOND BETWEEN MOLECULES, WHERE THE PARTIALLY POSITIVE END OF ONE IS ATTRACTED TO THE PARTIALLY NEGATIVE END OF ANOTHER MOLECULE.
HYDROGEN BONDING
The attraction of molecules to each other.
Cohesion
Increase the amount of (H+)ions.
Donate (H+) ions to a solution.
Low pH 0-6.9
Acids