Cells
What is the organelle that functions as the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
What are the steps of mitosis in order and give one or two words to explain each.
Prophase- Pair
Metaphase- Middle
Anaphase- Apart
Telophase- Two
Define natural selection.
"Survival of the fittest" - organisms who have unfavorable traits die out while others with favorable traits pass on the good traits
Auxin is a plant hormone that causes cells on the shady side of a plant to elongate. What type of tropism does this relate to?
Phototropism
Which type of succession occurs where previous life occupied the area?
Secondary Succession
What are stem cells?
Cells that can specialize and develop into any type of cell that is needed
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base
List the correct order of the classification system.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Describe the differences in the xylem and the phloem.
Xylem- Transports food/water UP
Phloem- Transports food/water DOWN
If you have 10,000% energy on the bottom of a food pyramid, what would the energy be if you moved up 2 levels?
100%
What are the two organelles we can find in plant cells but not animal cells? What are the functions of each?
1. Chloroplast- convert sunlight to energy
2. Cell wall- made of cellulose to protect cell
Describe the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance.
Incomplete dominance- blending
Codominance- mixed- both traits show
What is the purpose of a cladogram and how do you read them?
Cladograms show evolutionary ancestry and relationships.
If the trait is marked on the line, it goes to every organism above it or to the right of it
How do the cardiovascular and the respiratory systems function together?
What is an enzyme and what are two of the the three things that cause it to denature?
Catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions; pH, temperature, and amount of substrate
What is the key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not.
What is the first step in DNA replication?
The enzyme, Helicase, unzips the DNA strand to form a replication fork (y)
Differentiate between bottleneck effect and founder effect.
Bottleneck effect: caused from natural disaster and reduces size of population
Founder effect: individual breaks off to form their own population
What FOUR body systems would interact to allow a person to sneeze?
Nervous, Muscular, Immune, Respiratory
Explain 4 of the 5 types of symbiosis.
Mutualism- both benefited
Commensalism- One benefited, one neutral
Parasitism- One benefited, one harmed
Predation- One benefited, one harmed
*Competition- One benefited, one harmed
What are the three components of cell theory?
1. Smallest living unit.
2. Every living thing is made of cells.
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are the three types of passive transport?
Passive diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
What is homologous, analogous and vestigial structures? Give an example of each.
Homologous- Same structure, different function
Analogous- Different structure, same function
Vestigial- No function; appendix, wisdom teeth
What are the three types of plant tissue, the function of each, and what system it is closest to in humans.
Dermal- Protection- Integumentary
Vascular- Movement of nutrients- Cardiovascular
Ground- Photosynthesis
What are 5 of th 6 kingdoms of life?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Eubacteria (bacteria)
Archaebacteria