Neural Tissue
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?
CNS-Central Nervous system->Brain and Spinal cord
PNS- Peripheral Nervous system->communicates the rest of the body via afferent (sensory info from body to CNS) and efferent (motor info from CNS to muscles and glands)
-Smooth (digestive, blood vessels) -> non-striated and involuntary
-Skeletal -> striated and voluntary
Define Sarcolemma
The cell membrane of muscle cells
What does the cell body contain, and why is it important?
The nucleus and other organelles important for cell function
Functions of skeletal muscle
-movement
-posture and position
-supports soft tissues (abdominal wall and floor of pelvic activity)
-guard entrances and exits (sphincter muscles)
-heat
-store nutrient reserves
Define sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm of a muscle cell
What are the function of the nervous system?
- monitor the internal and external environment
- integrates sensory info
- coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses of other organ systems
What do tendons connect and what do ligaments connect?
tendons connect muscle to bone
ligaments connect bone to bone
Define t-tubules and what they do
When the sarcolemma conducts electrical impulses, they are conducted into the cell interior by the t-tubules
What are meninges and what are the 3 meningeal layers?
-meninges are specialized membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
-dura mater--outermost tough layer
-arachnoid--middle layer to reduce friction
-pia mater--innermost layer containing blood vessels
What is Aponeurosis and what does it attach?
board sheets that attach muscles to muscles, as well as attaching muscles to bone
Define the Sarcoplasmic reticulum and what it does
A specialized form of ER. The SR forms a tubular network around each myofibril. Expanded chambers of the SR called the cisternae contain high conct. of calcium ions.
What is white matter mainly composed of, and where does the color come from?
Myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The color comes from the myelinated axons
Muscle anatomy "Russian doll" layers
- actin and myosin
-sarcomere (smallest functional unit)
-myofibril (encircled by t-tubules)
-muscle fiber (surrounded by endomysium)
-fascicle (surrounded by perimysium)
-muscle (surrounded by epimysium)
Define Sarcomeres and what they do
They are the smallest functional unit. Sarcomeres are actin and myosin filaments organized into repeating functional units. It is responsible for muscle contractions