Belief Systems
Which powerful Muslim empire ruled over much of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries?
The Ottoman Empire
What was the Manchu-led Chinese dynasty that seized power from the Ming Dynasty in 1644?
Qing Dynasty
Which European state established a presence in the Indian Ocean trade during the 16th century, due to advanced ships and the efforts of explorers such as Vasco da Gama and Francisco de Almeida, and went on to dominate the trade in spices, textiles, and precious metals for much of the next two centuries?
Portugal
What was the primary export commodity of the colony of Brazil during the 1450-1750 time period?
Sugar
The Manchu leaders of the Qing Dynasty challenged the traditional values of which Chinese philosophy that was widely practiced by Han Chinese?
Confucianism
In 1517, what document, authored by Martin Luther, was famously nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, outlining objections to the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and sparking the Protestant Reformation?
95 Theses
Who was the Ottoman Sultan known as the "Conqueror" for his military victories and capture of Constantinople in 1453?
Mehmed II
Kilwa Kisiwani, Malindi, Mombasa, and Zanzibar are all city-states that played an important role in Indian Ocean in what region?
Swahili Coast
(or East Africa)
What economic theory dominated European economic policy in the 16th to 18th centuries, emphasizing a nation's wealth being measured by its stock of gold and silver?
Mercantilism
What tax on all non-Muslim residents did Akbar the Great eliminate during his rule of the Ottoman Empire?
Jizya Tax
Who was the Spanish Dominican friar who became a fierce advocate for the rights of indigenous people in the Americas, and who wrote several influential works on the subject, including "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies"?
Bartolomé de las Casas
What empire was founded by Shah Ismail I, who united the various tribes and kingdoms of Persia under his rule in 1501?
Safavid Empire
Who was the first European to circumnavigate the globe, and who explored the coasts of Africa, India, and Southeast Asia in the process?
Ferdinand Magellan
Which African kingdom did Portugal go to war with during the 17th century over Portugal's increased demand for slaves?
Kingdom of Kongo
What was the name of the hierarchical system of social classification that was used in colonial Spanish America which was based on racial categories?
Casta System
Guru Nanak founded which faith, which was a blending of elements of Hinduism and Islam, in the 15th century?
Sikhism
What was the name of the capital city of the Mughal Empire, which was established by Akbar in 1571 and served as a center of art, culture, and commerce?
Agra
What was the name of the spice-producing island chain in the Indonesian archipelago that became known as the "Spice Islands" and was a major source of nutmeg, cloves, and other valuable spices during the 16th and 17th centuries?
The Moluccas (also known as the Maluku Islands)
Which French explorer established the first trading post in the area of present-day Canada in the 1450-1750 time period?
Samuel de Champlain
Who was the wife of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who rose from being a slave in his harem to become a powerful political figure in her own right?
Roxelana
Which European explorer and Jesuit priest introduced Christianity to Japan in 1549?
Francis Xavier
What was the name of the secret police force created by Ivan IV to root out treason and enforce his policies, which was notorious for its brutality and repression?
Oprichniki
What was the name of the island in Indonesia where the Sultanate of Aceh was located that was known for its powerful navy and played a key role in the spread of Islam in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries?
Sumatra
What was the primary commodity traded by the Dutch- which they needed to support their fishing industry- at their trading post of Curaçao in the Caribbean?
Salt
Which country do Sephardic Jews trace their heritage back to?
Spain