Timor-Leste
The two-ballot system used to elect Timor-Leste’s President means the second round is called this.
What is a run-off election?
This generous social welfare system, financed by oil and gas revenues in Brunei, is nicknamed this.
What is shellfare?
This legislative body is known as the People’s Representative Council (the lower house) in Indonesia.
What is the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR)?
The two states in East Malaysia that have considerably more autonomy than the others, reflecting "asymmetric federalism."
What are Sabah and Sarawak?
The name of the left-wing nationalist party that emerged victorious from the 1975 civil war in Portuguese-Timor and subsequently declared independence.
What is FRETILIN (Frente Revolucionaria do Timor-Leste Independente)?
This organization served as a symbol of cultural identity and faith-based resistance against Indonesian assimilation, furthering Timorese nationalism.
What is the Catholic Church?
This Malay term describes Brunei’s official ideology, emphasizing the Monarchy, Islam, and Malay tradition.
What is the Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB)?
The acronym for the former president whose anti-Western stance and close relationship with the PKI characterized Indonesian politics before the 1965 coup attempt.
Who is Sukarno?
The 2015 corruption scandal that spurred the Bersih movement to broaden its demands to include institutional and political reform.
What is the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal?
The percentage of the total valid votes a party list must obtain to qualify for a seat in Timor-Leste's parliament (as of the most recent data).
What is 4 percent?
This is the power held by the Timor-Leste President to dissolve parliament and call for a new parliamentary election.
What is the power to dissolve parliament and call national elections?
This specific security force, recruited from former British Gurkha Regiments, protects Brunei's Seria oil fields and provides the Sultan's personal security detail.
What is the Gurkha Reserve Unit?
A constitutional requirement for Indonesian presidential/vice-presidential tickets is being nominated by parties or coalitions controlling at least this percentage of DPR seats.
What is 20%?
According to Malaysian constitutional procedures, the King (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) is "elected" only from the rulers of these nine specific states?
What are the nine hereditary sultanates?
This is the anti-communist propaganda docudrama, mandated for annual broadcast and school viewing from 1984 to 1998 in Indonesia.
What is “The Betrayal of G30S/PKI”?
This term describes the situation in Timor-Leste when the President and Prime Minister are affiliated with rival political parties, notably seen after the 2018 elections.
What is cohabitation?
The economic problem associated with rentier states, where the public sector expands at the expense of a shrinking private sector, resulting in an uncompetitive currency.
What is Dutch Disease?
This key factor explains why China was chosen over Japan for the Jakarta-Bandung fast-train project, despite its high costs, according to government officials.
What is China didn’t require a government guarantee (jaminan negara)?
The minimum age limit for voting in Malaysia, lowered from 21 years old after the 2019 Constitutional Amendment Bill, influenced by Bersih.
What is 18 years?
This political convention, which Lu Olo was accused of abandoning, held that the Timor-Leste President should function as an actor "above the party fray."
What is performing "above the party fray" (or exercising "moderating power")?
This is the unexpected ruling by the Court of Appeals in 2020 that significantly empowered President Lu Olo by requiring an impeachment process (two-thirds majority) to challenge his constitutional actions.
What is the ruling that one must initiate impeachment (requiring a two-thirds vote) to challenge presidential actions?
A core pillar of Brunei's stability in which citizens relinquish political rights in exchange for economic security and social welfare benefits from oil revenues.
What is the rentier bargain (or authoritarian bargain)?
The Indonesian parliamentary procedure, based on a basic norm of consensus, that gives every parliamentary group an effective veto over legislation, leading to delays.
What is deliberation until consensus (musyawarah untuk mufakat)?
The main political cleavage that characterizes the Malaysian party system, having a strong and lasting effect on party formation and competition.
What is communal identities and ethnicity?
The specific name for the type of judicial review the Timor-Leste President may request from the Supreme Court before signing a bill to check its constitutionality.
What is Anticipatory or preventive review?