Neurophysiology
What senses how much a muscle is being stretched; speed and length?
Muscle Spindle
What is the flexing movement of the myosin head called?
Power stroke
True/False
Glycolysis only occurs in very few cells in the body.
False
Define pyruvate oxidation.
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA
What are the 2 parts of a lactate molecule?
Pyruvate and H+ ion
Which part of the nervous system controls the flight-or-fight mechanism?
Sympathetic
Which muscle cells respond to injury, immobilization, and training stimuli to help regrow?
Satellite Cells
What is the role of hexokinase?
Converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate to keep it in the cell.
What is the protein complex that brings H+ ions back into the matrix?
ATP Synthase
What is the point at which lactate levels begin to slightly increase in the blood but level out?
LT1
The influx of what causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane of the terminal?
Which protein muscle intertwines around actin and blocks the myosin binding sites?
Tropomyosin
Why does glycolysis use up 2 ATP molecules?
To keep glucose in the cell.
Split the reaction in half.
What does acetyl CoA need to bind to to start the cycle and what does it form?
Citrate
Which energy pathway does glycerol resort to once it gets cleaved from a FFA?
Glycolysis
List the 3 parts of the biological control system.
▫Receptor
▫Integrating Center
▫Effector
Which type of muscle fibers have poor aerobic endurance and fatigue quickly?
Type II
Name the 2 primary enzymes involved in Glycolysis.
Hexokinase
PKF
What is the role of NADH and FADH2?
Electron carrier to the cristae of the mitochondria
What is the primary product of beta-oxidation?
Pairs of carbon chains
Where does the depolarization (wave) travel after it reaches the motor end plate?
T-tubule
What type of muscle contraction has a constant velocity of movement?
Isokinetic
What are the final net products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate (2)
ATP (2)
NADH (2)
H20 (2)
What allows the H+ ions in the matrix to flow to the intermembrane space in the ETC?
Electrons flowing across the cristae
What is needed for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria for energy production?
Carnitine