Sensorineuro
How would you document nearsightedness?
Myopia
Classic signs of meningitis
Nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig sign, positive Brudzinski sign
Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.
Fever, watery diarrhea, diffuse macular rash (“sunburn”), myalgias, hypotension, involvement of 2 other organ system
Manifestations of toxic shock syndrome
high fever, watery diarrhea, muscle aches, a sunburn-like rash, and headache.
Treatment for myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism
eyeglasses or contact lenses
Primary causes of encephalitis
enteroviruses such as herpes and arboviruses such as rabies, lyme disease and west nile virus (insect-borne viruses)
Manifestations of endometrial cancer
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is main symptom Ask how many pads/tampons are used daily Watery/bloody discharge, low back, low pelvis, or abdominal pain Pelvic examination (performed by primary health care provider
How does uterine fibroid embolization work?
Beads are inserted into the fibroids' blood supply. It cuts off/decreases blood flow to the fibroids, which essentially kills them and causes them to shrink.
Clinical manifestations of cataracts
Blurred vision, sensitivity to light, halos around light, double vision, difficulty seeing at night
Manifestations of encephalitis
headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, mental confusion, seizures (due to increased ICP), fever, phonophobia, changes in LOC, muscle spasms, parasthesia
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse
age, obesity, previous pelvic surgery, chronic conditions like constipation and heavy lifting, and a family history of prolapse or connective tissue disorders.
Explain endometrial ablation.
This technique uses heated water to destroy abnormal tissues like fibroids and cancer cells. It destroys or removes the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to reduce or stop heavy menstrual bleeding.
Postoperative teaching after pneumatic retinopexy
The patient will be in the prone position after surgery. The patient will have to keep their head in a certain position for at least a week. Lift no more than 5 pounds, no bending, no sneezing, coughing, or anything that puts pressure on the eye. Take prescribed medications
Triggers for migraine headaches
caffeine (can be a treatment in moderation or a trigger), red wine, MSG, light, stress, excessive fatigue, change in weather, tyramine-containing foods (pickled products, aged cheeses, smoked sausage, beer), preservatives, artificial sweeteners
What is the progression stage of cancer development?
Progression is the continued change of a cancer cell. They acquire additional genetic changes, leading to increased growth and invasiveness of the tissue.
Seizure precautions
Pad the two upper side rails, ensure there is suction at the bedside, the bed should be in the lowest position and locked, do not restrain the patient, just ensure the airway is open by turning the patient on their side during a seizure.
What does 20/20 vision on a Snellen chart mean?
That you see at 20 feet, what most people can see at 20 feet. 20/20 is considered normal vision.
5-types of seizures
tonic-clonic, myoclonic, atonic, partial/focal aware, complex partial/absence (understand each)
What is the promotion stage of cancer development?
Promotion is the stage where growth and division of cancer cells are stimulated leading to the formation of a tumor
What is the most common cause of encephalitis?
insect-borne viruses
What is the amsler grid used for?
Testing for macular degeneration
Secondary causes of seizures
tumor or trauma, metabolic disturbances, alcohol withdrawal, electrolyte disturbances, high fever, stroke, head injury, substance abuse, heart disease
What is the difference between primary and secondary tumors?
Primary tumors are tumors that originate in a specific tissue or organ and do not spread from another location. They are distinct from secondary (metastatic) tumors, which develop from cancer cells that have spread from a primary tumor elsewhere in the body.
What are the stages of cancer development? Understand each one.
Initiation, promotion, progression, metastasis
Manifestations of retinal detachment
Sudden appearance of floaters, flashes of light, curtain like shadow over visual field
Establish an airway, then an IV
What is extravasation?
Accidental leakage of intravenous drugs or fluids into the surrounding tissue.
What are the grades of tumor differentiation? (Understand each)
Gx - can't be determined
G1 - tumor cells are well differentiated
G2 - moderately differentiated tumor cells
G3 - poorly differentiated tumor cells, but the tissue of origin can be established
G4 - cells no longer resemble tissue of origin
Manifestations of Meniere's disease
Severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, sweating, pallor, hearing loss, tinnitus, fluid in the inner ear
What is the special consideration for Ganciclovir?
Potential carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagen so it requires special handling
Some side effects of chemotherapy (understand each one)
Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Alopecia, Mucositis, Skin changes, Anxiety, chemo brain
What is internal brachytherapy?
It involves placing radioactive material inside the body. This is sometimes called internal radiation.
The client should avoid others, especially children and pregnant women, while radioactive.
Different types of conjunctivitis
Bacterial, viral, allergic
What does the nurse assess when a patient has encephalitis?
neuro function, vital signs, nuchal rigidity, cranial nerves III, IV and VI, I and O's, CBC, Liver function tests
Some early symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome (SVC syndrome)
Compression of the SVC is painful and can be life-threatening. Symptoms result from the blockage of venous return from the head, neck, and upper trunk. Early signs and symptoms include edema of the face, especially around the eyes (periorbital edema) on arising in the morning, and reports of head fullness.