15.2
What were 3 main problems people had with King Charles I?
-He believed in the Divine Right of Kings
-He didn't listen to Parliament
-Was pro-catholic wanted to make religious changes
Who were "the Diggers" and what did they try to do and what happened to them?
-a group of revolutionaries--Communists
-said land was for everyone, and occupied some land to make a point
-Thugs were hired to remove them
What did William Cavendish do along with some other wealthy guys in 1688? what major change does this result in?
-they did not like King James II, so they sent a letter to Prince William of Orange (Dutch from netherlands) inviting him to take the throne, saying they would support him.
-The Prince responded by coming in and taking the throne since James II ran away and there was no fight!
Describe 1763, the End of the French and Indian War
-Britain won war, but Indian violence continued making british colonists in west want protection. Britian expects them to pay up for protection.
_(month)_ _(day)_ 1776, the ___ of Independence is signed by members of the what? What does Benjamin Franklin think/understand?
-_July_ _4_ _Declaration_
-Members of Continental Congress
-Benjamin Franklin understands this was a war declaration
Why was King Charles I forced to recall Parliament in 1640? What exactly sparked the civil war?
-to raise money to fight Scotts
-king and parliament disagreed; Charles attempting to arrest parliament parked the civil war.
What did Cromwell do in 1653 (relating to government and who had the right to govern)
-Invaded Parliament, made military government (new tyranny kinda)
So, what was the "Glorious Revoluion"?
The bloodless overthrow of King James II
*Can also include: for the sake of Protestantism. No civil war in England, but there was warfare in Ireland and Scottland as a result.
*Extra knowledge-English Bill of Rights:limits monarch power, gives powers to Protestants and parliament*
Since colonists wanted protection, and Britain expected them to pay up, what was passed in 1765?
-Stamp Act: make colonists pay a tax for everyday goods, enraging colonists.
The British were quick to respond to the Declaration and stated fighting and being successful. What important battle happened on Christmas 1776; describe what happened and who won
-Battle of Trenton
-Washington pulls of daring move (walking across frozen river), lifting troops spirits and winning the battle against Brits
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
-Average guy who thought average people should have power; leader of Parliament side of civil war
What did Parliament do after Cromwell died, what changes to gov't?
-Restored Monarchy by crowning Charles II
Britain (Parliament) sees the angry colonists so they __ the Stamp Act, but they make new taxes. What do the colonists do and what is one key example of this in 1773 in Boston?
_Repealed_ (or stopped, canceled, took back, etc)
-Colonists boycotted products
-Boston Tea Party: some colonists dressed up as Native Americans and dumped tea from a British ship at Boston Harbor
With whose support did the Americans force the main British army to surrender at the Battle of ___, winning American Independence?
-French
-_Yorktown_
Why was King Charles I executed?
How did the people react to his death?
-He was a traitor/ committed treason by making a secret deal with the Scotts, persuading them to invade England (hoping to weaken Parliament probably)
-groaned, were not that happy
-What did Charles II do after being crowned? (relating to Cromwell, who is dead a the time)
-Parades Cromwell's corpse around on display
What is the Pattern of Revolutions?
-Like a circle (360*), Someone/ gov't taken down, things improve, things turn sour/ corrupt in new Gov't, and repeat.
How did Britain react to colonialist actions, what act(s) did they pass and what did they do?
How did Colonial leaders respond/ want?
-Denounced the Boston Tea Party, wanted to punish and take control
-The Intolerable Acts=Closed Boston Port, Increased royal governer power at expense of local leaders
-Created 1st Continental Congress; some wanted to compromise while others wanted colonial freedom from Britain
What 3 key things happened as a result of the Constitutional Convention in 1787?
-Articles of Confederation were a failure, so it is replaced with new constitution
-Great Compromise: House representation based on population, equal representation in Senate
-Gov't Separation into branches: Executive, judicial, legislative
What group had the right to vote in England by 1640?
-Men with property
After Charles II died, King James II came into power. What were the problems the people had with him?
-He believed in the Divine Right of Kings
-He didn't listen to Parliament
-Was pro-catholic wanted to make religious changes/ spread catholicism
What occurred before and during May 1775, the Second Continental Congress?
-before: battles of lexington and concord happen; American Rev. begins, radicals take charge and want to break free. Major factor in convincing colonists was Thomas Paine's Common Sense
-Continental Congress appoints George Washington as commander of army
Finally, in 1788 is the Ratification of the Constitution, which means?
Why is the Constitution so very important (what does it mark/signify?)
-Its formally signed
-Constitution completed American political revolution, replaced monarchical political system with new gov't-> representative democracy