INDIRECT SPEECH 1
What is Reported or Indirect Speech¡?
You can report what someone says indirectly (without the exact words) by using a reporting verb + a noun clause.
Me to Maria: ‘I’m not very happy at work.’
Simple Present - Simple past
I told her (that) I was not very happy at work.
What is the structure of the past perfect progressive tense?
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Affirmative: Subject + had + been + verb-ing
Negative: Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing
Question: Hadn't + subject + been + verb-ing? OR Had + subject + not + been + verb-ing?
Our forces _______ in that area until two weeks before then. (not fight)
Find the error:
Mention some reported verbs:
say
suggest
tell
ask
admit
‘What happened to make her so angry?’ he asked.
Simple past - Past Perfect
He asked what had happened to make her so angry.
The past perfect continuous often appears with words that express something about time, such as:
when, for, since, until, by the time, and before.
The teacher: Did you do the homework?
The teacher asked if I had done the homework.
Simple Past - Past Perfect
Which sentence is correct 1, 2 or both?
-He said that the bus is late.
-He said the bus is late.
Both. In conversations and informal writing, that is often omitted. In academic or formal writing, that is often not omitted.
‘I’ve been working,’ she said.
Present Perfect Progressive - Past Perfect Progressive
-She said she had been working.
Identify the error:
- She has been studying for hours before the electricity went out.
She has (had) been studying for hours before the electricity went out.
What/do/when/cut/ your finger.
Subject: You
He asked: ‘Had the girls already left?’
He asked if the girls had already left.
The past perfect does not shift back; it stays the same:
How do we report commands:
The doctor: Don´t smoke
Indirect reports of commands consist of a reporting clause, and a reported clause beginning with a to-infinitive:
Fulana to Sutana: I will finish this major in 3 years.
Will- would
- Fulana said Sutana (that) she would finish this major in 3 years.
-At last we ______ the movie that everyone _______ about. (see/talk)
-saw/had been talking
Use the past perfect progressive to report something.
Past continuous/ Past Perfect Continuous- Past Perfect continuous
I was working on the project when she called me.
He said he had been working in the project when she called him.
Peter was celebrating his wedding anniversary last month.
He said that Peter was celebrating his wedding anniversary last month.
He said Peter had been celebrating his weeding anniversary last month.
How do we report negative statements ?
-The guard: "You must not enter the area."
Reporting clause + not + infinitive
-The guard warned us not to enter the area.
I live with my parents and my grandmother.
Facts: Simple present (change pronouns)
- He said he lives with his parents and his grandmother.
Use the past perfect continuos to express an unreal situation in the past.
If + past perfect progressive, Would+ have+ past particle.
-If I had been paying attention during class, I wouldn’t have failed the test.
The past perfect progressive (continuous) is used to describe an action that started in the past and was still in progress when a second action started. Both actions began and ended in the past. As in the past perfect simple, the sentence has two parts:
Make a negative yes/no question:
The snow had been falling for hours before then.