Atoms/elements
What is a cation?
A substance capable of dissolving another substance.
What is a solvent?
Simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose.
What is a monosaccharide?
Give unique properties to different groups of carbon compounds.
What are functional groups?
The solvent of life.
What is water?
Form between two atoms of the same element or between different elements that share the electrons equally.
What is a non polar covalent bond?
A measure of the motion (kinetic energy) of molecules.
What is temperature?
Chemical formula: C6H12O6
This group has a double bonded oxygen (ex:glucose).
What is a carbonyl?
Element that contains four electrons in its outermost shell.
What is carbon?
Atoms of same element that show variation in number of neutrons.
What is an isotope?
The intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; creates surface tension
Form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction (a reaction in which the removal of a water molecule occurs).
What is a disaccharide?
Acetic acid (vinegar) is a part of this functional group... Have a double bonded oxygen and hydroxyl on the same carbon
What is a carboxyl?
Made of glycerol and three fatty acids.
What is a triglyceride?
The movement of electrons from one element to another.
What is electron transfer?
The capacity of a substance to withstand rupture when placed under tension or stress.
What is surface tension?
Stored form of sugars in plants and is made up of amylose and amylopectin (both polymers of glucose).
What is starch?
Very complex group... contain phosphorus, oxygen, and hydroxyls.
What is a phosphate?
DNA contains this group (CH3)
What is a methyl group?
A weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Substances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and lower pH.
What is an acid?
Saturated with hydrogen; in other words, the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized. Solid at room temperature.
What are saturated fatty acids?
Also called a "thiol", contains sulfur bonded to a hydrogen atom.
What is a sulfhydryl?
Four types: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic.
What is a hydrocarbon?