Newton
For every pair of objects, each object attracts the other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass
What is the Law of Universal Gravitation
A combination of space and time, which are viewed in special relativity as two parts of one whole
What is space-time?
The condition of free fall toward or around Earth, in which an object experiences no support force (and exerts no force on a scale)
What is weightlessness?
The point in a satellite's elliptical orbit farthest from the center of the Earth
What is apogee?
The constant G in the equation for Newton's law of universal gravitation
What is the universal gravitational constant
The theory tgat describes how time is affected by motion in space at a constant velocity, anbd how mass and energy are related
What is the special theory of relativity?
The cut off of light from the full moon when Earth is directlyu between the sun and the moon, so that the Earth's shadow is cast on the moon.
What is a lunar eclipse?
The minimum speed necessary for an object to escape permanently from a gravitational field that holds it
What is escape speed?
A physcal quajtity varies inversely as another quantity squared
What is the inverse square law?
All the laws of nature are the same in all uniformly moving referene frames
What is the first postulate of special relativity?
The tides, due to the sun and the moon partly cancel so that the high tides are lower than average and the low tides are not as low as average.
What are neap tides?
The deviation of an orgiting object fro its path around a center of force caused by the action of an additional center of force
What is perturbation
A force field that exists in the space around every mass or group of masses
What is a gravitational field?
The speec of light in empty space always has the same value regardless of the motion of the source or the motion of the observer.
What is the second postulate of special relativity?
The cutoff of light from the sun to anobserver on Earth when the moon is directly between the sun and Earth
What is a solar eclipse?
An oval-shaped curve that is the path of a point that moves such that the sum of its distance from two fixed points is constant
What is an ellipse?
That which exists in the space surrounding a massk electric charge or magnet so that another mass, electric charge, or magnet introduced to this region will experience a force
What is a force field?
An observable stretching, or slowing of time in a frame of reference moving past the observer at a speed approaching the speed of light.
What is time dilation?
When the sun, moon and Earth are lined up so that the high tides are higher than average
What are spring tides?
The time required for a complete orbit
What is period?