Cultural diversity
This world encompases differnees in gender, age, culture, race, ethnicity, religion sexual orientation, physical or mental disabilities, and social and economic status
What is diversity?
The first step for a nurse to become cultural competence
What is establishing a cultural desire to become competent to interact with people from different cultures?
This begins when nurses give up their prejudices and biases toward people of different cultures and respect and care for them regardless of their cultural values, beliefs, or practices
The first step of the pain process
What is nociceptors respond to stimuli causing tissue damage?
(These nociceptors are primary sensory nerves located in tendons, muscles, subcutaneous, tissues, epidermis, dermis, and skeletal muscles)
The gate control theory
What is the gate is opened, when pain impulses enter the spinal cord and ascend in the spinothalamic tract to the thalamus, resulting tin the perception of pain?
The Acronym we use to assess pain
What is OLDCARTS?
The knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a person as a member of society, including language, gender, age, disability, occupational status, and geographic location?
What is culture?
Things nurses should ask during an interview where cultural competence is applied in a health history
What is name that is preferred, where patient was born which cultural practices are important, what their primary langue is, and the language spoken in at home, and any personal beliefs or rituals that they believe will improve their health, diet practices, roles in the family, who makes the decisions. beliefs about illnesses?
The second step of the pain process
What is stimulation of sensory peripheral nerves.
( These sensory nerve fibers carry pain impulses and include the largeA-delta and the small C fibers.
The main two types of pain
What is acute and chronic?
Noverbal cues from a patient in pain
What is patient posture and behaviors?
Ex:
Observe facial expressions.
Listen for sounds made by patient.
A patients common geographic origin, race, language and dialect, religious beliefes, shared tradition and symbols, literature, folklore, and music, foodpregerences, settlement and employment shapes this part of thier idenity
What is ehtnicity?
This words means that the nurse has begun their in depth self examination of their own cultural background.
They identify their own cultural/ethnic group. Being aware of their own religious and cultural lens is important because thee lens influence the way they hear and understand others.
What is cultural awareness?
The large A-delta and small C fibers function
The difference between pain threshold and pain tolerence
What is the point in which a patient experience pain vs what the patient endures or chooses to allow themselves to feel?
Duties the nurse perform to treat pain
What is inspect skin for color, temperature, moisture.
Any of the following:
Measure blood pressure and pulse.
Assess respiratory rate and pattern.
Observe pupillary size and reaction to light
This needs to be documented for patients who nurses might have a hard time communicated with
What is documenting the use of a translator and its purpose, such as obtaining a history and performing an exam?
The term that is demonstrated when nurses collect relevant cultural data about the patients health problems and perform a culturally based health assessment, where an interpreter may be involved
What is cultural skill?
Third and fourth steps in the pain process
What is the thalamus receives impulses from the spinothalamic tract and sends them to the parietal lobe in the cerebral cortex and body produces substances to reduce the perception of pain(descended nerves inhibit nociceptor stimuli)?
What is problem-focused coping and emotional-focused coping?
During problem focused coping, efforts to manage or change the stressor and emotional focused coping includes managing emotions.
How is pain expressed throughout the life span
Nurses find different responses to pain depending on age of patient.
What is neonates experiencing an increased heart rate, hypertension, pallor, sweating, and decreased oxygenation saturation.
What is young children have difficulty understanding pain but have a basic ability to describe pain and location.
What is School-age children, adolescences, and adults are able to describe it following OLDCART
*There is a misconception that pain is a normal part of aging it is not.
Fatima Amir, a 46 year old Arab woman who speaks both Arabic and English, is admitted for surgery. The nurse says to Ms. Amir, "I noticed you indicated your religion as Islamic.
The important thing to consider when performing care to this patient
What is understanding how the patient chooses to practice her faith and not assume that just because she is Islamic that she falls into that one category of same-gender providers, such as bathing; keeping the body covered at all times; and knocking before entering her room and waiting for permission to enter?
The process in which nurses develop cultural humility
What is openness, self awareness, being egoless, and incorporating self reflection and critique after interacting with diverse individuals?
(the nurse identity's their feelings gained from experiences they have had with people from different groups' are assumptions being made about people based solely on their appearance, dress, or skin color)
The pathway of pain
What is the peripheral receptors are stimulated to the spinal cord, up the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex, and back down the spinal cord?
The 5 subcategories of pain and their characteristics
What is Nociceptive pain(neuropathic pain), visceral pain,somatic pain, referred pain, phantom pain
What is any of the following:
Nociceptive pain: Results from activation of normal neural systems. Arises from somatic structures such as bone, joint, or muscle and visceral(organ)
Neuropathic pain: Occurs because of abnormal processing of sensory input.
Referred pain: Pain felt in a location away from the injury.
Visceral pain, as many abdominal organs have no pain receptors.
Phantom pain: Pain felt in an amputated extremity
Questions nurse should ask patients specifically about thier pain apart from pain scale
What is how do you react to your pain? How do you epress it(anger, frustration, crying, or no expression at all)? What do you fear most about yoru pain? what problems does it cause?