Precautions
Name four transmission based precautions?
Contact, Droplet, Airborne, and Neutropenic
What is pertussis commonly known as?
Whooping cough
What is down syndrome caused by?
Down syndrome is caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21 chromosome.
Name the four types of sensitivity reactions.
Type 1: Anaphylactic
Type 2: Cyotoxic
Type 3: Immune complex
Type 4: Delayed
What are the types of abuse?
- Physical
- Sexual
- Emotional
- Neglect
- Economic
What patients would be placed on contact precuations?
MRSA, VRE, CDIFF
What illness causes a "strawberry tongue"?
Scarlet fever
What is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability?
Fragile X
What type of reaction is most likely associated with blood transfusion?
Type 2: cyotoxic!
This occurs when antibodies are directed against antigens on cells or basement membranes of tissues. This leads to cell lysis and tissue damage.
What is the most common form of child abuse?
Neglect
What PPE is necessary for each precaution?
Contact -- Gown and gloves
Droplet -- Surgical mask, gown and gloves
Airborne -- N-95, Surgical mask, goggles/face shield, gown and gloves
What is the difference in Eustachian tubes between a child and an adult?
For a child, the Eustachian tubes are shorter, narrower, and more horizontal than adults. This causes the air and fluid to become more easily trapped resulting in an increased risk of infection.
Name some signs and symptoms of Cerebral Palsy?
- Spasticity, muscle weakness, ataxia
- Seizures
- Growth issues
- Hearing and vision issues
What foods should a patient avoid with a latex allergy?
Kiwi, bananas, and avocados
Name the phases in the cycle of violence.
- Tension Building phase
- Acute Battering phase
- Honeymoon phase
What to avoid when a patient is on Neutropenic precautions?
Avoid contact with sick staff and visitors, no fresh cut flowers, avoid raw, unpeeled fruits and vegetables, and caution with pet care.
What is common treatment for Otis Media?
- Analgesics
- Benzocaine -- Numbing ear drops
- Warm or cool compress if helpful
- Antibiotics: Amoxicillin, azithromycin
What are some complications related to Cerebral Palsy and ways to ensure safety?
- Keep HOB elevated
- Keep suction available for copious secretions
Injury:
- ensure bedrails are raised
- pad side rails and w/c arms
- secure child appropriately
- encourage the use of helmets, seat belts, and other safety equipment
What is the most common immunoglobin that responds to allergic and hypersensitivity reactions?
IgG (75% of total)
Signs of suspected physical abuse
- Unusual bruising on the abdomen, back, buttocks
- Numerous bruises at different stages of healing
- Mechanism of injury and story misalign
- Burns on hands/ feet -- signed of forced immersion
- Bite marks
- Fractures: multiple is suspicious
What is the difference between other precautions and an airborne precaution room ?
With droplet precautions, staff and visitors must wear a mask but the door may remain open. For airborne, the patient should be in a negative pressure room with the doors closed. Anyone who enters needs to wear an N-95 and proper PPE.
What are the differences between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?
Bacterial:
Viral:
Name the types of CP and the characteristics involved with each.
2. Dyskinetic -- involuntary jerking that can appear slow or wormlike, drooling or speech impairment
3. Ataxic -- shaky, uncoordinated, lack of coordination with purposeful movements
What are the benefits and disadvantages to an allergen blood test and skin test?
Blood Test:
Benefits: Will not produce an allergic reaction and is quicker than the skin test
Disadvantages: Can only test for a small number of allergens at a time. Can be less sensitive than skin tests.
Skin Test:
Benefits:
Will see a wheal and flare to the allergen if there is a + reaction
Disadvantages: Has a higher risk of hypersensitivity reactions -- Keep epi close by!
Name some characteristics of violent families
- social isolation
- Abuse of power and control
- Alcohol and other drug abuse
- Intergenerational transmission process