Research Methods SLP

Research article info?

100

Which of the following is included in a discussion section of a research article?

• Limitations
• Clinical Implications
• Directions for future research
• All of the above

All of the above

200

Which of the following is not included in the methods section of a research article?

• Demographic information about participants
• Review of the literature
• Procedures
• Materials used

• Review of the literature

300

What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?

• An independent variable is always constant, and a dependent variable can change.
• An independent variable can be measured, and a dependent variable cannot be measured.
• An independent variable may be controlled, and a dependent variable is a behavior that can be measured
• An independent variable is on the y-axis and a dependent variable is on the x-axis

• An independent variable may be controlled, and a dependent variable is a behavior that can be measured

400

Which of the following are considered active variables?

• Therapy interventions, type of vocab word, noise and gender
• A specific type of speech or language test, length of a sentence, type of prompt/cue
• Treatment procedure, amount of syllables in a word, type of disability
• Formal speech assessment, specific condition, hearing sensitivity

• A specific type of speech or language test, length of a sentence, type of prompt/cue

500

What is the difference between active and attribute independent variables?

• Active are predetermined while attribute can be manipulated
• Active can be manipulated while attribute is predetermined
• Active comes before the ANOVA and attribute comes after the ANOVA
• There is no difference between the two

• Active can be manipulated while attribute is predetermined

Study Designs

100

From the list below, which research methodology is considered to produce the highest level of evidence?

• Single subject design
• Group design
• Expert opinion
• Randomized control trial

Randomized control trial

200

Which of the following is the highest level of evidence?

• Single Subject Experimental Design (SSED)
• Cohort studies
• Case studies
• Qualitative research

Cohort studies

300

What is the difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis?

• A meta analysis is the statistic process of analyzing the results from the systematic review. 
• Systematic review is the statistic process of analyzing the results from the meta-analysis
• They are the same thing
• None of the above

• A meta analysis is the statistic process of analyzing the results from the systematic review. 

400

What is the difference between between subjects and within subjects?

• Between subjects are the same group of ppl compared in different conditions while within subjects randomly assign subjects to different conditions
• Between subjects randomly assign subjects to different conditions while within subjects are the same group of ppl compared in different conditions
• Between subjects are the independent variable and within subjects are the dependent variable
• Between subjects are the dependent variable and within subjects are the independent

• Between subjects randomly assign subjects to different conditions while within subjects are the same group of ppl compared in different conditions

500

Difference between SSED and cohort studies?

• SSED is words/descriptions from individuals while cohort studies follow ppl with a common interest over time
• SSED uses repeated measurements to understand a person's variability/determine the effects of a treatment while cohort studies follow ppl with a common interest over time
• SSED follow ppl with a common interest over time while cohort studies uses words/descriptions from ppl
• SSED and cohort studies are the same

• SSED uses repeated measurements to understand a person's variability/determine the effects of a treatment while cohort studies follow ppl with a common interest over time

Characteristic of data

100

Gender, SES and religion are all examples of what type of data?

• Nominal data
• Ordinal data
• Interval data
• Ratio data

• Nominal data

200

Grades, ranking, scales from low to high are all examples of what type of data?

• Nominal data
• Ordinal data
• Interval data
• Ratio data

• Ordinal data

300

IQ scores, calendar days and temperate are all examples of what type of data?

a. Nominal data

b. Ordinal data

c. Interval data

d. Ratio data

 

c. Interval data

400

What does the the central limit theorem state? 

a. People will drop out a study 

b. Pre-testing will influence the post-testing

c. distribution of the sample mean will be normal if the sample size is big enough

d. an average of the amount of disperation in a group of scores 

distribution of the sample mean will be normal if the sample size is big enough

500

This type of distribution is unimodal and contains scores that are continuous from one tail to the other

a. Postively skewed

b. Normal

c. Negatively skewed

d. Sampling

b. Normal

Qualitative Research/SSED

100

According to Cohens interpretation of Effect Size, a calculation of .80 is considered to be:

a. a moderate effect

b. a very large effect

c. a trivial effect

d. a large effect 

d. a large effect 

200

A type of data review that is used to determine common areas and topics from data gathered in qualitative research is called:

a. improvement rate difference

b. inter-rater reliability

c. member check

d. thematic analysis

d. thematic analysis

300

What are the 3 parameters used for visual analysis/inspection with SSED research?

a. location, trend, variance

b. level, trend, variability

c. level, training, volatility 

d. location, triangulation, variability 

b. level, trend, variability

400

All of the following are considered non-overlapping technique to calculate effect size in SSED research except:

a. Percent of non-overlapping data

b. Magnitude of change

c. Improvement rate difference

d. Tau-U

b. Magnitude of change

500

This type of sampling method is commonly used in qualitative research?

a. purposeful sampling

b. stratified sampling

c. simple random sampling 

d. systematic sampling

c. simple random sampling

Other

100

What does an in-text citation look like for 3 or more authors?

a. (Kernis, Cornell & Harlow, 1993)

b. (Kernis et al., 1993)

c. (Kernis, Cornell & Harlow, 1993, pg. 231)

d. None of the above

b. (Kernis et al., 1993)

200

If a p value is .05 or less than the results are ___?

a. significant

b. not significant

c. reliable

d. not reliable

a. significant

300

What is null Ho?

a. says there is NO difference between groups

b. says there IS a difference between groups

c. says that the p value is .05 or lower

d. says that the p value is .05 or higher

a. says there is NO difference between groups

400

What is maturation bias?

• The outcomes of the study will vary as a natural result of time
• Participants will drop out of the study
• Pre-test influences the outcomes of the post-test
• Using different instruments to measure results for different groups or over time

• The outcomes of the study will vary as a natural result of time

500

What is a type I error?

a. True null Ho is rejected. There is a difference when there really isn't.

b. False null Ho accepted. There is no difference when there really is a difference.

c. True null Ho is accepted. 

d. False null Ho rejected. 

a. True null Ho is rejected. There is a difference when there really isn't.