Atomic Structure
The atomic number represents what?
What is the number of protons in the atom?
Two or more different elements combined in a fixed ration
What is a compound?
The attraction of a particular atom has to electrons
What is electronegativety
The initial substances in a reaction that break their bonds and rearrange their structure
What are reactants?
The variable that is being measured in an experiment
What is the dependent variable?
How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
# of neutrons = [Atomic mass] - [# of protons]
An atom that has either lost an electron or gained an electron
What is an ion?
Bonded atoms have similar electronegativity, so the electrons are shared equally between two atoms
What is a non-polar covalent bond?
A reaction where:
input of energy > output of energy
What is an endothermic reaction?
Organisms that share inherited traits have a higher rate of survival and reproduction under specific conditions
What is natural selection?
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does a typical atom of sodium (Na) have?
11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons
Two atoms that share their electrons is called
What is a covalent bond?
What type of bond shares electrons, but not equally and the atoms form partial charges?
A polar covalent bond
A reaction where:
input of energy < output of energy
What is an exothermic reaction?
The variable manipulated in an experiemnt
What is the independent variable?
Two atoms of the same element, but have different number of neutrons are called what?
What are isotopes?
A non-covalent bond that holds two oppositely charged ions together
What is an ionic bond?
Attraction between a Hydrogen atom with a partial postive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge
What is a hydrogen bond?
The forward and reverse reactions are occuring at the same rate
What is equilibrium?
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results
Why are valence electrons/the valence shell important?
Valence electrons determine the chemical reactivity of an atom because of the octet rule. An atom wants to fill the valence shell to reach stability.
The strongest chemical bonds are called
What is covalent bonds?
What partial charges do the atoms in water have and why?
Oxygen: partial negative
Hydrogen: partial positive
Because oxygen is more electronegative, meaning it has a higher affinity for electrons
What can be done to increase the rate of a reaction by increasing the molecule collisions?
A few answers can be correct, name 1
Increased temperature, more reactants, catalysts
Name 3 of the 7 characteristics of life
Order, regulation, reproduction, growth & development, evolutionary adaptation, energy processing, and response to environment