Anemia
To prevent impaired circulation and worsening pain during a sickle cell crisis, nurses should avoid this common bed positioning.
What is raising the knee position of the bed?
Box 34.1
This noninvasive, battery-operated device delivers mild electrical currents to a painful area, creating a pins-and-needles sensation to reduce discomfort.
What is a TENS unit?
If symptoms of this anesthesia-related complication occur during surgery, it is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention to manage rising calcium and potassium levels, acidosis, and hyperthermia.
What is malignant hyperthermia?
Patients with chronic fluid overload may be placed on this type of diet, which includes limiting salt intake and checking food labels for sodium content.
What is a sodium-restricted diet?
If anxiety-induced hyperventilation is causing respiratory alkalosis, this simple intervention involving a paper item can help the patient retain CO₂.
What is having the patient breathe into a paper bag?
Table 14.4
To help prevent dehydration and reduce the risk of a sickle cell crisis, patients should follow this daily hydration recommendation
What is drinking at least 3 to 4 liters of liquid every day?
Box 34.2
Pain caused by the normal activation of pain receptors due to tissue damage—such as a cut or burn—is classified as this type of pain.
What is nociceptive pain?
This condition can increase surgical risk due to poor wound healing, altered drug metabolism, and reduced lung volume.
What is obesity?
These cerebral symptoms—such as acute confusion, seizures, and coma—occur due to cerebral edema caused by this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hyponatremia?
These deep, rapid respirations are a compensatory mechanism seen in metabolic acidosis as the body attempts to blow off excess CO₂.
What are Kussmaul respirations?
A deficiency in this vitamin—common in people with vegan diets, small bowel resection, or tapeworm—can lead to anemia due to poor absorption.
What is vitamin B12?
To ensure patient safety, sedation level and this vital sign should be monitored at least every 2 hours during PCA opioid therapy.
What is respiratory status?
This technique, which involves holding a pillow or towel against the incision while coughing, supports the surgical site and reduces pain.
What is splinting?
This electrolyte imbalance often causes a thready, weak pulse and characteristic ECG changes, including ST-segment depression and prominent U waves.
What is hypokalemia?
This type of acidosis occurs when CO₂ is retained due to impaired respiratory function, often caused by hypoventilation, airway obstruction, or poor gas exchange in the lungs.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This population is at increased risk for deficiency-related anemia due to poor nutrition and chronic alcohol misuse.
Who are patients likely to develop folic acid deficiency?
These drugs can cause gastrointestinal discomfort and increase the risk of bleeding due to decreased platelet aggregation.
What are NSAIDs?
Performed every 1 to 2 hours after surgery, this action helps clear secretions, prevent atelectasis and pneumonia, and allows for full aeration of the lungs.
What is coughing and deep breathing?
These two clinical tests assess neuromuscular irritability associated with this hypocalcemia.
What are Trousseau and Chvostek signs?
Uncontrolled diabetes, kidney failure, and prolonged diarrhea are common causes of this acid-base imbalance characterized by low pH and low bicarbonate.
What is metabolic acidosis?
Patients with iron deficiency anemia may appear pale or have this characteristic skin tone.
What is ash gray?
To promote fair and effective pain control, nurses must recognize and address this often unintentional influence that can lead to inadequate treatment, especially in racial and ethnic minorities.
What is implicit bias?
After emptying and compressing the reservoir of a Jackson-Pratt or Hemovac drain, it should always be secured to this item to prevent tension on the wound.
What is the patient’s gown?
These drugs, such as furosemide and bumetanide, are used to promote sodium loss when hypernatremia is caused by reduced kidney sodium excretion.
What are diuretics?
Excessive intake of antacids, IV sodium bicarbonate, or large amounts of blood products containing citrate can lead to this acid-base imbalance characterized by an elevated pH and elevated bicarbonate.
What is metabolic alkalosis?