The Renaissance
Humanism
The Middle Ages and the Black Death
Scientific Revolution
Protestant Reformation
Tudor Family
The Age of Exploration
50
Which period in time was the Renaissance inspired by?
Ancient History/Classical Period
50
What was humanism?
Humanism is our acceptance and acknowledgment of the worth of an individual in understanding their worth and potential.
During the Renaissance, art shifted to a more humanistic view as we began to see the value within a human. People began to further explore the worth and potential of an individual, and this was represented through the arts during the Renaissance.
50
What was the role of the church clergy in the Feudal System?
They were responsible for the salvation of peoples' souls.
50
What was the Scientific Revolution?
A period in history sparked by drastic changes in scientific thought. Advancements in astronomy, biology, mathematics, chemistry, etc., were made.
50
What was the Protestant Reformation??
The Protestant Reformation was a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine
50
Who was the father of King Edward VI, Queen Mary I, and Queen Elizabeth I?
King Henry VIII
50
What does colonization mean?
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
100
What was the Renaissance?
The Renaissance was a time period in European history that transitioned us from medieval society (middle ages), onto the bridge to modern times into a more modernized society filled with scientific arts and new technological advancements. With the revival of classical learning, new perspectives, and many more, the Renaissance was a turning point in European worldview as people began to be aware of the world, and question things surrounding them through philosophy.
Did you know? The term "Renaissance" was coined in the 19th century by the French historian Jules Michelet, who saw it as a time of revival and rebirth of the classical ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.
100
Humanists began to see new potential for human individuals. They had many ideas and perspectives in understanding the value of an individual. Can you list some of the values and ideas associated with humanism?
Some of the ideas included :
- Human beings can use the power of reason, that is, thinking to find truth for themselves.
- It is important for a person to have an open, curious, and questioning mind.
- People can achieve great things through learning.
- Individuals should be skilled in many different areas. They should develop not just their minds but also their bodies and spirits.
There are more. What are your thoughts?
100
How did people believe that the black death spread (why did people think it was happening in the first place)? In reality, how did it really spread?
People thought that the black death was a punishment from god, and was a case of bad odor. In reality, it was spread by black rats from fleas which could be transmitted to humans.
100
Which "Game Changer" proposed the Heliocentric theory?
Nicholaus Copernicus proposed the Heliocentric Theory in which the planets revolve around the Sun and not Earth.
100
Which individual is credited with leading the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther, a German teacher and a monk, brought about the Protestant Reformation when he challenged the Catholic Church's teachings starting in 1517.
100
Why did King Edward VI not want his sister, Mary, to become Queen after he died?
Because he was Protestant and she was Catholic.
100
There are 3 major factors that motivated Europe to explore new lands. What are they?
Economic gain, pride, glory, and the spread of religion are the main influence. Other reasons may include curiosity and political reasons. This all comes together:
Glory, Gold, and Religion
200
Why was Leonardo DaVinci known as the "Renaissance Man"?
While Leonardo da Vinci is best known as an artist, his work as a scientist and an inventor make him a true Renaissance man. He serves as a role model applying the scientific method to every aspect of life, including art and music. Although he is best known for his dramatic and expressive artwork, Leonardo also conducted dozens of carefully thought out experiments and created futuristic inventions that were groundbreaking for the time.
200
What were some of the major shifts of education and literature during the Renaissance?
Prior to the focus of Humanism, education was focused on religious studies and the works of ancient philosophers. But, humanism encouraged and influenced a new approach to learning the topics of classical literature, history, and language as well as the development of critical thinking and reasoning skills. This new system enabled individuals to better learn the importance of individualism, creativity, and personal expression.
200
What impact did the Bubonic Plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, have on the social structure of the Feudal System?
The world was significantly affected by the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death. According to estimates, up to 200 million people—roughly one-third of the world's population at the time—were killed in Europe and Asia during the 14th century. The bubonic plague had profound effects on society, causing significant changes in the population and labor force, the economy, and the power structure. Additionally, it had a significant psychological effect, escalating fears of dying and adding to a general feeling of instability and unease.
200
Which "Game Changer" was credited with the Scientific Method?
Sir Francis Bacon.
200
What Catholic doctrine did Martin Luther disagree with?
Indulgences. Indulgences allowed an individual to pay money for their sins to spend less time in Hell.
200
Why did Elizabeth and Edward have a closer bond than with Mary?
1. Mary was already 17 years old when Elizabeth was born, so there was a much larger gap in age.
2. Mary may have blamed Elizabeth for her parents' divorce.
3. They grew up with very different religious beliefs.
200
Why did Europe want to find new trade routes to Asia? What was the biggest reason for their motives?
Europe mainly wanted to find new trade routes to Asia to better access their glory. They possess large amounts of spice, silk, and precious metals which could be sold for huge amounts of money. If Europe could find a better way to access China, India, and other Asian countries- they can be making huge profits.
300
Florence, an Italian city-state, was successful because of these three reasons:
1. Geography - Close to port city
2. Climate - Mild
3. Social Organization - Run by nobles, not monarchs
300
This is the School of Athens.
How does this symbolize humanism? Be careful- this may not be as obvious as it may seem!
The picture shows ancient thinkers like Plato and Aristotle debating the nature of knowledge, reason, and the search for truth. They stand in for the humanistic values of reason, knowledge, and the quest of truth.
300
How did religion or spirituality affect people’s values and behavior in medieval/feudal times? Connect this to the Catholic Church.
Religion and spirituality were important factors in influencing people's values and behavior during the medieval/feudal era. Religious customs and beliefs were ingrained strongly in daily life, and the Catholic Church wielded considerable power and influence. People's actions were greatly influenced by their concern for the punishment they might receive in the afterlife and their desire to earn salvation.
300
How did the Catholic Church react to these new scientific methods/findings?
The Catholic Church attempted to silence individuals who sought to solve "anomalies" with scientific methods and reason, rather than utilizing their interpretations of the bible. Certain discoveries like the heliocentric theory, and Galileos ideas of the solar system were heavily opposed and suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church.
300
Which invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, played a crucial role in the spread of Protestant ideas by allowing mass production of printed materials, including Bibles?
The Printing Press
300
Which individual sought refuge in England, but ended up being put on house arrest?
Queen Mary of Scots
300
From a European perspective, North America, South America and Australia were known as ____ ______ ______.
The New World
400
Why do you think the Renaissance was known as an information age?
Due to the emphasis on education during this time, the invention of the printing press, and the dissemination of new concepts and information through literature and visual arts, the Renaissance is regarded as an information age.
400
"The aim of education is to enable individuals to continue their own education." - Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch Renaissance Humanist and Scholar.
What does this quote mean to you? Can you connect this to our modern day education system?
This quote means that the purpose of the education system is not to just give students knowledge and skills, but to equip us with what we need to continue to learn and grow throughout our lives.
400
What were some of the biggest shifts in worldviews from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance period?
The main shift was the shift from a religion-focused society to a humanistic-focused society. During the Middle Ages, we can tell a lot from art and different artworks which told us about their vision of god and religious topics. In the Renaissance, we saw a shift to humanism and more philosophical ideas.
400
Which "Game Changer" was put on house arrest until his death in 1642 for defending Heliocentrism?
Galileo Galili.
Later, in 1632, Galileo published his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which further defended heliocentrism, and was immensely popular. The popularity of his ideas led to the Roman Inquisition trying Galileo for heresy in 1633. He was forbidden to speak of his beliefs and found "vehemently suspect of heresy"; the Roman authorities sentenced him to house arrest where he remained until his death in 1642.
400
How is the Protestant Reformation significant today?
The Protestant Reformation, or break from the Catholic Church, created many other branches of religion that widely influence peoples' worldviews today.
400
Which Tudor monarch was known as the "Virgin Queen" and ruled England for 44 years without marrying or producing an heir?
Queen Elizabeth I
400
Why was Prince Henry significant to the Age of Exploration?
He was a patron of European exploration and created a centre in which other European explorers could share their findings to create more accurate maps/navigational tools.
500
Compare and contrast: How was education similar and different from before, during, and after the Renaissance? Looking at the education system today, how has that shifted?
Before the Renaissance, education was each about religious and classical studies. The Catholic Church was in charge and scholars were substantially tutored the workshop of ancient Greek and Roman proponents. still, during the Renaissance, the focus shifted towards rediscovering ancient knowledge and the appreciation of classical studies. The class came more different and practical, with subjects similar as history, mathematics, and wisdom being included. The scientific revolution and Enlightenment further impacted education by emphasizing the significance of empirical observation and reason.
500
How did humanism contribute to the development of modernity and the formation of the modern world? Can you give an example of humanistic ideas today?
There is no wrong answer!
The humanistic approach mainly focuses on individualism, reason, and the value of a proper education. This enabled democracy, and the development of other literature, modernized arts, philosophical ideas, and new spurs of ideas. This has helped to shape modern society by changing worldviews and enabling people to see the true potential of a person.
500
What were the crusades? How did they affect society in the Middle Ages? How did this impact the Renaissance?
In the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, Christians and Muslims engaged in a series of religious conflicts known as the Crusades. The Crusaders sought to retake the Holy Land from Muslim control and seize control of significant pilgrimage locations, including Jerusalem.The Middle East had possession of advanced technology which was far beyond Europe at the time, and this may have exposed Europe to new ideas which then sparked the Renaissance period. Europeans also traded for new spices and resources they had never had before.
500
Have findings from the Scientific Revolution impacted us today? Be specific.
Yes. For example, the Scientific Methods and understanding of Heliocentrism are still believed today.
500
Why was the translation of the bible into the vernacular significant?
Because it allowed for people to read and interpret the bible for themselves, rather than relying on priests and monks (who could read Latin) to teach individuals on the word of God.
500
What did King Henry VIII do when the pope did not grant his first divorce?
He broke away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, declared himself the supreme head of the Church of England, and initiated the English Reformation. This led to the dissolution of monasteries, the establishment of the Church of England with the monarch as its head, and the beginning of Protestantism in England.
500
Christopher Columbus traveled west hoping to reach India through the Atlantic ocean, but, he miscalculated the circumference of the Earth and ended up in a new location. Where had he ended up instead?
Columbus miscalculated the circumference of the earth and ended up in North America (specifically the Bahamas) - a continent that they hadn't known existed right in between Europe and Asia.